U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–South Africa community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population147,150Margin of error ± 5,209

Foreign-born estimate132,876Margin of error ± 5,173

Unweighted sample6,828Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNaturalized Us Citizen 55.5% · Not Us Citizen 34.8%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesCalifornia, Texas, FloridaPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

California/CA

22,725 · 15.4%

Texas/TX

16,580 · 11.3%

Florida/FL

14,308 · 9.7%

New York/NY

9,446 · 6.4%

Georgia/GA

7,681 · 5.2%

North Carolina/NC

5,241 · 3.6%

Washington/WA

4,956 · 3.4%

New Jersey/NJ

4,274 · 2.9%

Colorado/CO

3,817 · 2.6%

Massachusetts/MA

3,793 · 2.6%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
California/CA	22,725	15.4%	1.316543	high
Texas/TX	16,580	11.3%	1.250052	high
Florida/FL	14,308	9.7%	1.452792	high
New York/NY	9,446	6.4%	1.082978	moderate
Georgia/GA	7,681	5.2%	1.597969	moderate
North Carolina/NC	5,241	3.6%	1.111686	moderate
Washington/WA	4,956	3.4%	1.443193	moderate
New Jersey/NJ	4,274	2.9%	1.041105	moderate
Colorado/CO	3,817	2.6%	1.481994	limited
Massachusetts/MA	3,793	2.6%	1.225587	limited

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 2; public estimate withheld.

Asian Alone5.4%

Estimate 7,899 ± 1,008; unweighted sample 445.

Black Alone16.0%

Estimate 23,578 ± 2,197; unweighted sample 832.

Nhpi AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 5; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race Alone0.7%

Estimate 1,000 ± 342; unweighted sample 55.

Two Or More Races39.4%

Estimate 57,916 ± 3,320; unweighted sample 2544.

White Alone38.4%

Estimate 56,506 ± 2,668; unweighted sample 2945.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino0.8%

Estimate 1,218 ± 459; unweighted sample 33.

Not Hispanic Or Latino99.2%

Estimate 145,932 ± 5,202; unweighted sample 6795.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3423.5%

Estimate 34,558 ± 2,141; unweighted sample 1486.

35 To 4928.1%

Estimate 41,373 ± 2,453; unweighted sample 1726.

50 To 6423.3%

Estimate 34,274 ± 2,086; unweighted sample 1720.

65 And Over15.5%

Estimate 22,835 ± 1,538; unweighted sample 1340.

Under 189.6%

Estimate 14,110 ± 1,842; unweighted sample 556.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female47.6%

Estimate 69,994 ± 3,110; unweighted sample 3337.

Male52.4%

Estimate 77,156 ± 3,340; unweighted sample 3491.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent9.7%

Estimate 14,274 ± 1,545; unweighted sample 615.

Naturalized Us Citizen55.5%

Estimate 81,713 ± 4,048; unweighted sample 3919.

Not Us Citizen34.8%

Estimate 51,163 ± 2,824; unweighted sample 2294.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201928.5%

Estimate 41,998 ± 3,175; unweighted sample 1757.

2020 Or Later11.2%

Estimate 16,456 ± 1,525; unweighted sample 806.

Before 201060.3%

Estimate 88,696 ± 4,085; unweighted sample 4265.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3442.9%

Estimate 63,061 ± 3,156; unweighted sample 2988.

35 To 4915.2%

Estimate 22,395 ± 1,868; unweighted sample 1103.

50 And Over3.5%

Estimate 5,180 ± 688; unweighted sample 320.

Under 1838.4%

Estimate 56,514 ± 3,073; unweighted sample 2417.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only60.7%

Estimate 88,319 ± 3,881; unweighted sample 4251.

Not At AllSuppressed

Unweighted sample 9; public estimate withheld.

Not Well0.9%

Estimate 1,300 ± 406; unweighted sample 65.

Very Well34.1%

Estimate 49,637 ± 3,443; unweighted sample 2157.

Well4.3%

Estimate 6,210 ± 999; unweighted sample 285.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Household size

Five Or More People12.1%

Estimate 12,871 ± 1,248; unweighted sample 567.

One Person15.7%

Estimate 16,652 ± 1,466; unweighted sample 666.

Three Or Four People36.8%

Estimate 38,999 ± 2,206; unweighted sample 1723.

Two People35.4%

Estimate 37,558 ± 1,871; unweighted sample 1979.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household74.7%

Estimate 79,237 ± 2,795; unweighted sample 3868.

Nonfamily Household25.3%

Estimate 26,843 ± 1,837; unweighted sample 1067.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational3.1%

Estimate 3,263 ± 534; unweighted sample 156.

Not Multigenerational96.9%

Estimate 102,817 ± 3,574; unweighted sample 4779.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present36.3%

Estimate 38,491 ± 2,096; unweighted sample 1673.

No Children Present63.7%

Estimate 67,589 ± 2,872; unweighted sample 3262.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors31.9%

Estimate 38,631 ± 2,493; unweighted sample 1715.

Graduate Or Professional26.7%

Estimate 32,409 ± 1,895; unweighted sample 1650.

High School Or Equivalent14.2%

Estimate 17,147 ± 1,470; unweighted sample 815.

Less Than High School3.2%

Estimate 3,919 ± 636; unweighted sample 189.

Some College Or Associate24.0%

Estimate 29,050 ± 1,996; unweighted sample 1293.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed Forces0.2%

Estimate 283 ± 134; unweighted sample 21.

Employed69.8%

Estimate 94,488 ± 4,236; unweighted sample 4223.

Not In Labor Force27.2%

Estimate 36,867 ± 1,952; unweighted sample 1921.

Unemployed2.8%

Estimate 3,761 ± 524; unweighted sample 189.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts60.4%

Estimate 67,907 ± 3,247; unweighted sample 3213.

Military SpecificSuppressed

Unweighted sample 12; public estimate withheld.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance4.6%

Estimate 5,220 ± 794; unweighted sample 278.

Production Transportation Material Moving7.2%

Estimate 8,118 ± 1,035; unweighted sample 336.

Sales And Office16.0%

Estimate 17,995 ± 1,746; unweighted sample 762.

Service11.6%

Estimate 13,048 ± 1,359; unweighted sample 570.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining2.4%

Estimate 2,634 ± 607; unweighted sample 162.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality8.1%

Estimate 8,916 ± 1,184; unweighted sample 398.

Construction4.6%

Estimate 5,053 ± 842; unweighted sample 217.

Education Health Social Services24.1%

Estimate 26,695 ± 1,960; unweighted sample 1277.

Finance Insurance Real Estate8.4%

Estimate 9,269 ± 1,111; unweighted sample 383.

Information2.7%

Estimate 2,938 ± 582; unweighted sample 141.

Manufacturing8.7%

Estimate 9,655 ± 999; unweighted sample 414.

Military0.3%

Estimate 332 ± 155; unweighted sample 22.

Other Services5.9%

Estimate 6,567 ± 853; unweighted sample 300.

Professional Administrative19.6%

Estimate 21,675 ± 1,533; unweighted sample 1029.

Public Administration2.1%

Estimate 2,322 ± 509; unweighted sample 122.

Retail Trade7.4%

Estimate 8,174 ± 913; unweighted sample 383.

Transportation Utilities3.6%

Estimate 4,011 ± 682; unweighted sample 154.

Wholesale Trade2.2%

Estimate 2,414 ± 556; unweighted sample 97.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Personal income

100000 Or More30.4%

Estimate 41,621 ± 2,491; unweighted sample 1943.

1 To 2499921.5%

Estimate 29,420 ± 2,045; unweighted sample 1429.

25000 To 4999914.8%

Estimate 20,269 ± 1,387; unweighted sample 925.

50000 To 9999921.1%

Estimate 28,888 ± 1,908; unweighted sample 1298.

Zero Or Negative12.1%

Estimate 16,501 ± 1,495; unweighted sample 814.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent8.4%

Estimate 12,075 ± 1,126; unweighted sample 542.

200 To 399 Percent20.5%

Estimate 29,567 ± 2,207; unweighted sample 1292.

400 Percent Or More61.1%

Estimate 88,268 ± 4,253; unweighted sample 4178.

Below 100 Percent10.0%

Estimate 14,458 ± 1,688; unweighted sample 541.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered92.6%

Estimate 136,321 ± 5,034; unweighted sample 6341.

Not Covered7.4%

Estimate 10,829 ± 1,403; unweighted sample 487.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability7.1%

Estimate 10,468 ± 1,087; unweighted sample 558.

Without Disability92.9%

Estimate 136,682 ± 5,053; unweighted sample 6270.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent2.2%

Estimate 2,370 ± 584; unweighted sample 104.

Owned Free And Clear18.3%

Estimate 19,434 ± 1,047; unweighted sample 1105.

Owned With Mortgage47.1%

Estimate 49,924 ± 2,355; unweighted sample 2486.

Rented32.4%

Estimate 34,352 ± 1,898; unweighted sample 1240.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent23.7%

Estimate 7,993 ± 873; unweighted sample 301.

50 Percent Or More22.6%

Estimate 7,621 ± 1,129; unweighted sample 250.

Under 30 Percent53.8%

Estimate 18,178 ± 1,481; unweighted sample 670.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence28.5%

Estimate 30,188 ± 1,828; unweighted sample 1619.

Mid Term Residence43.6%

Estimate 46,303 ± 2,688; unweighted sample 2100.

Recent Move27.9%

Estimate 29,589 ± 2,173; unweighted sample 1216.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us4.6%

Estimate 6,738 ± 961; unweighted sample 351.

Different House In Us13.9%

Estimate 20,409 ± 1,925; unweighted sample 836.

Same House81.5%

Estimate 119,936 ± 4,929; unweighted sample 5635.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

California/CA — 22,725
Texas/TX — 16,580
Florida/FL — 14,308
New York/NY — 9,446
Georgia/GA — 7,681
North Carolina/NC — 5,241
Washington/WA — 4,956
New Jersey/NJ — 4,274
Colorado/CO — 3,817
Massachusetts/MA — 3,793

Highest location quotient

District of Columbia/DC — 2.23
Georgia/GA — 1.60
Colorado/CO — 1.48
Florida/FL — 1.45
Washington/WA — 1.44
Connecticut/CT — 1.40
Nebraska/NE — 1.39
Maryland/MD — 1.34
California/CA — 1.32
Texas/TX — 1.25

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

New Hampshire/NH — 93.4%
Minnesota/MN — 92.9%
Maryland/MD — 92.8%
Vermont/VT — 92.7%
District of Columbia/DC — 92.4%
North Dakota/ND — 92.3%
Massachusetts/MA — 92.0%
Virginia/VA — 92.0%
Maine/ME — 91.9%
Colorado/CO — 91.8%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–South Africa community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Australia community

94.0% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 94.0% · without: 93.5% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Age and household, Education, work, and income, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable)

View dimension scores

Age and household: 98.5%
Education, work, and income: 97.1%
Housing and mobility: 96.6%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 90.8%
Population and settlement: 89.7%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 96.1%
Population scale: 98.0%
Settlement concentration: 95.5%
State footprint: 75.5%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–France community

92.4% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 92.4% · without: 92.4% · rank change: 1.

Strongest similarities: Education, work, and income, Age and household, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable)

View dimension scores

Age and household: 95.4%
Education, work, and income: 95.4%
Housing and mobility: 94.9%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 92.0%
Population and settlement: 88.6%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 92.3%
Population scale: 92.8%
Settlement concentration: 95.9%
State footprint: 77.3%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–Russia community

92.4% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 92.4% · without: 90.8% · rank change: 7.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Age and household, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Education, work, and income, Migration, nativity, and generation

View dimension scores

Age and household: 96.7%
Education, work, and income: 93.1%
Housing and mobility: 95.1%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 93.8%
Population and settlement: 83.6%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 98.1%
Population scale: 83.8%
Settlement concentration: 94.6%
State footprint: 72.6%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Mexico community — 60.8% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Cuba community — 62.1% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Dominican Republic community — 63.5% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 21
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality

Country desk

South Africa

Apartheid, post-apartheid structures, inequality, governance, and related issue analysis.

Open the South Africa desk