U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Russia community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population450,827Margin of error ± 8,866

Foreign-born estimate421,940Margin of error ± 9,271

Unweighted sample20,141Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNaturalized Us Citizen 67.1% · Not Us Citizen 26.5%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesCalifornia, New York, FloridaPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

California/CA

79,255 · 17.6%

New York/NY

75,471 · 16.7%

Florida/FL

38,381 · 8.5%

Washington/WA

23,212 · 5.1%

Texas/TX

21,329 · 4.7%

New Jersey/NJ

20,752 · 4.6%

Massachusetts/MA

20,006 · 4.4%

Illinois/IL

18,936 · 4.2%

Pennsylvania/PA

17,901 · 4.0%

Virginia/VA

11,063 · 2.5%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
California/CA	79,255	17.6%	1.498677	high
New York/NY	75,471	16.7%	2.824244	high
Florida/FL	38,381	8.5%	1.272012	high
Washington/WA	23,212	5.1%	2.206256	high
Texas/TX	21,329	4.7%	0.524885	high
New Jersey/NJ	20,752	4.6%	1.649949	high
Massachusetts/MA	20,006	4.4%	2.109949	high
Illinois/IL	18,936	4.2%	1.108146	high
Pennsylvania/PA	17,901	4.0%	1.021518	high
Virginia/VA	11,063	2.5%	0.944126	high

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 14; public estimate withheld.

Asian Alone1.0%

Estimate 4,439 ± 747; unweighted sample 207.

Black Alone0.2%

Estimate 1,117 ± 489; unweighted sample 35.

Nhpi AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 13; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race Alone0.7%

Estimate 3,107 ± 603; unweighted sample 135.

Two Or More Races2.2%

Estimate 9,796 ± 1,032; unweighted sample 462.

White Alone95.8%

Estimate 431,840 ± 9,049; unweighted sample 19275.

Other Or Suppressed0.1%

Estimate 528 ± Not enough reliable data; unweighted sample 27.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino0.5%

Estimate 2,134 ± 587; unweighted sample 93.

Not Hispanic Or Latino99.5%

Estimate 448,693 ± 8,975; unweighted sample 20048.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3429.5%

Estimate 132,937 ± 4,212; unweighted sample 5696.

35 To 4927.7%

Estimate 125,098 ± 4,290; unweighted sample 5306.

50 To 6416.9%

Estimate 76,368 ± 3,063; unweighted sample 3712.

65 And Over16.5%

Estimate 74,364 ± 2,597; unweighted sample 3707.

Under 189.3%

Estimate 42,060 ± 2,876; unweighted sample 1720.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female57.5%

Estimate 259,036 ± 5,808; unweighted sample 11711.

Male42.5%

Estimate 191,791 ± 5,088; unweighted sample 8430.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent6.4%

Estimate 28,887 ± 2,148; unweighted sample 1347.

Naturalized Us Citizen67.1%

Estimate 302,350 ± 7,218; unweighted sample 13782.

Not Us Citizen26.5%

Estimate 119,590 ± 5,131; unweighted sample 5012.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201923.7%

Estimate 106,973 ± 4,454; unweighted sample 4648.

2020 Or Later8.3%

Estimate 37,262 ± 3,019; unweighted sample 1517.

Before 201068.0%

Estimate 306,592 ± 6,357; unweighted sample 13976.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3436.4%

Estimate 164,136 ± 4,671; unweighted sample 7410.

35 To 4913.4%

Estimate 60,462 ± 2,810; unweighted sample 2816.

50 And Over6.3%

Estimate 28,201 ± 1,625; unweighted sample 1384.

Under 1843.9%

Estimate 198,028 ± 5,763; unweighted sample 8531.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only26.3%

Estimate 117,407 ± 3,817; unweighted sample 5377.

Not At All2.6%

Estimate 11,559 ± 964; unweighted sample 504.

Not Well11.9%

Estimate 53,178 ± 2,886; unweighted sample 2224.

Very Well40.7%

Estimate 181,545 ± 5,123; unweighted sample 8101.

Well18.6%

Estimate 82,861 ± 3,308; unweighted sample 3788.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People11.0%

Estimate 34,937 ± 1,749; unweighted sample 1485.

One Person18.9%

Estimate 60,005 ± 2,648; unweighted sample 2338.

Three Or Four People38.0%

Estimate 120,989 ± 3,314; unweighted sample 5515.

Two People32.1%

Estimate 102,068 ± 3,188; unweighted sample 4665.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household72.3%

Estimate 229,884 ± 4,270; unweighted sample 10556.

Nonfamily Household27.7%

Estimate 88,115 ± 3,151; unweighted sample 3447.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational4.7%

Estimate 15,035 ± 1,101; unweighted sample 698.

Not Multigenerational95.3%

Estimate 302,964 ± 4,586; unweighted sample 13305.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present35.1%

Estimate 111,487 ± 3,411; unweighted sample 4805.

No Children Present64.9%

Estimate 206,512 ± 4,607; unweighted sample 9198.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors30.4%

Estimate 109,011 ± 3,834; unweighted sample 4834.

Graduate Or Professional34.6%

Estimate 124,337 ± 4,176; unweighted sample 5949.

High School Or Equivalent12.7%

Estimate 45,664 ± 2,522; unweighted sample 1962.

Less Than High School3.8%

Estimate 13,698 ± 1,256; unweighted sample 662.

Some College Or Associate18.5%

Estimate 66,241 ± 2,981; unweighted sample 2778.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed Forces0.4%

Estimate 1,809 ± 655; unweighted sample 65.

Employed62.2%

Estimate 260,174 ± 5,503; unweighted sample 11424.

Not In Labor Force33.7%

Estimate 140,783 ± 4,191; unweighted sample 6708.

Unemployed3.7%

Estimate 15,286 ± 1,262; unweighted sample 660.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts52.4%

Estimate 168,778 ± 4,645; unweighted sample 7896.

Military Specific0.3%

Estimate 1,026 ± 442; unweighted sample 42.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance5.5%

Estimate 17,585 ± 1,364; unweighted sample 749.

Production Transportation Material Moving9.1%

Estimate 29,435 ± 2,160; unweighted sample 1202.

Sales And Office17.2%

Estimate 55,278 ± 2,425; unweighted sample 2287.

Service15.5%

Estimate 49,747 ± 2,380; unweighted sample 2139.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining0.5%

Estimate 1,675 ± 403; unweighted sample 82.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality9.2%

Estimate 29,151 ± 1,727; unweighted sample 1315.

Construction4.9%

Estimate 15,653 ± 1,249; unweighted sample 661.

Education Health Social Services24.3%

Estimate 77,186 ± 2,407; unweighted sample 3518.

Finance Insurance Real Estate7.7%

Estimate 24,389 ± 1,602; unweighted sample 1086.

Information2.4%

Estimate 7,676 ± 909; unweighted sample 354.

Manufacturing7.1%

Estimate 22,627 ± 1,450; unweighted sample 1033.

Military0.6%

Estimate 2,063 ± 657; unweighted sample 74.

Other Services5.0%

Estimate 15,875 ± 1,609; unweighted sample 704.

Professional Administrative18.2%

Estimate 57,862 ± 2,635; unweighted sample 2673.

Public Administration2.7%

Estimate 8,464 ± 891; unweighted sample 418.

Retail Trade10.4%

Estimate 32,872 ± 1,740; unweighted sample 1337.

Transportation Utilities5.7%

Estimate 18,248 ± 1,681; unweighted sample 680.

Wholesale Trade1.2%

Estimate 3,854 ± 622; unweighted sample 184.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Personal income

100000 Or More19.9%

Estimate 84,153 ± 3,153; unweighted sample 3930.

1 To 2499929.6%

Estimate 125,157 ± 3,868; unweighted sample 5787.

25000 To 4999916.7%

Estimate 70,585 ± 3,031; unweighted sample 2986.

50000 To 9999918.5%

Estimate 78,006 ± 2,916; unweighted sample 3358.

Zero Or Negative15.3%

Estimate 64,498 ± 2,801; unweighted sample 2986.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent12.8%

Estimate 56,528 ± 3,203; unweighted sample 2177.

200 To 399 Percent22.3%

Estimate 98,237 ± 4,181; unweighted sample 4072.

400 Percent Or More51.3%

Estimate 225,941 ± 6,083; unweighted sample 10518.

Below 100 Percent13.5%

Estimate 59,431 ± 3,107; unweighted sample 2347.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered90.9%

Estimate 409,698 ± 7,921; unweighted sample 18485.

Not Covered9.1%

Estimate 41,129 ± 2,773; unweighted sample 1656.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability12.5%

Estimate 56,373 ± 2,591; unweighted sample 2718.

Without Disability87.5%

Estimate 394,454 ± 8,458; unweighted sample 17423.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent1.2%

Estimate 3,814 ± 649; unweighted sample 168.

Owned Free And Clear19.4%

Estimate 61,673 ± 2,407; unweighted sample 3142.

Owned With Mortgage38.3%

Estimate 121,636 ± 3,208; unweighted sample 5802.

Rented41.2%

Estimate 130,876 ± 3,775; unweighted sample 4891.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent24.3%

Estimate 30,960 ± 1,874; unweighted sample 1126.

50 Percent Or More26.8%

Estimate 34,168 ± 2,030; unweighted sample 1187.

Under 30 Percent48.9%

Estimate 62,334 ± 2,200; unweighted sample 2484.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence33.5%

Estimate 106,371 ± 3,058; unweighted sample 5069.

Mid Term Residence39.7%

Estimate 126,348 ± 3,147; unweighted sample 5534.

Recent Move26.8%

Estimate 85,280 ± 3,520; unweighted sample 3400.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us3.3%

Estimate 15,055 ± 2,067; unweighted sample 574.

Different House In Us14.2%

Estimate 63,857 ± 3,536; unweighted sample 2867.

Same House82.5%

Estimate 371,160 ± 7,637; unweighted sample 16666.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

California/CA — 79,255
New York/NY — 75,471
Florida/FL — 38,381
Washington/WA — 23,212
Texas/TX — 21,329
New Jersey/NJ — 20,752
Massachusetts/MA — 20,006
Illinois/IL — 18,936
Pennsylvania/PA — 17,901
Virginia/VA — 11,063

Highest location quotient

New York/NY — 2.82
Washington/WA — 2.21
Massachusetts/MA — 2.11
New Jersey/NJ — 1.65
Connecticut/CT — 1.56
California/CA — 1.50
Florida/FL — 1.27
Maryland/MD — 1.19
Colorado/CO — 1.15
Illinois/IL — 1.11

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

Vermont/VT — 93.4%
Montana/MT — 91.6%
North Dakota/ND — 91.2%
District of Columbia/DC — 88.2%
Rhode Island/RI — 87.8%
Maine/ME — 87.6%
New Hampshire/NH — 87.5%
Minnesota/MN — 86.7%
Massachusetts/MA — 86.6%
Iowa/IA — 86.5%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Russia community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Ukraine community

94.6% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 94.6% · without: 94.4% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Age and household, Housing and mobility, Education, work, and income

Largest differences: Language, Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation

View dimension scores

Age and household: 98.0%
Education, work, and income: 95.6%
Housing and mobility: 97.2%
Language: 84.1%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 94.5%
Population and settlement: 93.2%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 95.0%
Population scale: 99.6%
Settlement concentration: 97.9%
State footprint: 82.2%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–Egypt community

93.6% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 93.6% · without: 92.1% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Education, work, and income, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Language, Age and household

View dimension scores

Age and household: 94.2%
Education, work, and income: 96.6%
Housing and mobility: 96.0%
Language: 87.7%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 95.5%
Population and settlement: 85.6%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 99.8%
Population scale: 91.3%
Settlement concentration: 96.2%
State footprint: 69.4%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–South Africa community

92.4% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 92.4% · without: 90.8% · rank change: 3.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Age and household, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Education, work, and income, Migration, nativity, and generation

View dimension scores

Age and household: 96.7%
Education, work, and income: 93.1%
Housing and mobility: 95.1%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 93.8%
Population and settlement: 83.6%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 98.1%
Population scale: 83.8%
Settlement concentration: 94.6%
State footprint: 72.6%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Rwanda community — 57.0% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Tonga community — 57.7% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Samoa community — 59.0% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 24
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality