U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability
U.S.–Tonga community
A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.
What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.
Community at a glance
Where this community lives
State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.
California/CA
8,217 · 49.0%
Utah/UT
3,787 · 22.6%
Hawaii/HI
1,888 · 11.3%
Texas/TX
620 · 3.7%
Nevada/NV
435 · 2.6%
| State | Estimate | Share of community | Location quotient | Reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California/CA | 8,217 | 49.0% | 4.181057 | moderate |
| Utah/UT | 3,787 | 22.6% | 22.316336 | limited |
| Hawaii/HI | 1,888 | 11.3% | 26.114958 | limited |
| Texas/TX | 620 | 3.7% | 0.41056 | suppressed |
| Nevada/NV | 435 | 2.6% | 2.730603 | limited |
Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.
Race, ethnicity, and ancestry
Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.
Race distribution
Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.
Hispanic or Latino origin
Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.
Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.
Age, households, and economic structure
Age
Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.
Sex as reported by the source
Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.
Nativity and citizenship
Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.
Period of entry
Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.
Age at migration
Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.
Language and English proficiency
Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.
Household size
Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.
Household type
Aggregate estimates; reliability: moderate.
Multigenerational household
Aggregate estimates; reliability: moderate.
Households with children
Aggregate estimates; reliability: moderate.
Education
Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.
Employment
Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.
Occupation
Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.
Industry
Aggregate estimates; reliability: moderate.
Personal income
Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.
Poverty
Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.
Health insurance
Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.
Disability
Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.
Housing tenure
Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.
Housing-cost burden
Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.
Residential tenure length
Aggregate estimates; reliability: moderate.
Residential mobility
Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.
How this community differs across states
Highest community presence
- California/CA — 8,217
- Utah/UT — 3,787
- Hawaii/HI — 1,888
- Texas/TX — 620
- Nevada/NV — 435
Highest location quotient
- Hawaii/HI — 26.11
- Utah/UT — 22.32
- California/CA — 4.18
- Nevada/NV — 2.73
- Texas/TX — 0.41
Closest surrounding demographic contexts
- Rhode Island/RI — 89.6%
- Vermont/VT — 89.2%
- New Hampshire/NH — 88.3%
- District of Columbia/DC — 83.2%
- Oklahoma/OK — 82.4%
- Arkansas/AR — 82.1%
- West Virginia/WV — 82.0%
- Mississippi/MS — 81.9%
- Nevada/NV — 81.8%
- Florida/FL — 81.8%
Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.
How this community compares with the United States
State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.
The U.S.–Tonga community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.
Closest demographic peers
Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.
Closest demographic peer 1
U.S.–Samoa community
88.5% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.
With race and ethnicity: 88.5% · without: 90.0% · rank change: 0.
Strongest similarities: Housing and mobility, Age and household, Education, work, and income
Largest differences: Population and settlement, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Migration, nativity, and generation
View dimension scores
- Age and household
- 96.0%
- Education, work, and income
- 93.3%
- Housing and mobility
- 97.3%
- Migration, nativity, and generation
- 93.0%
- Population and settlement
- 82.2%
- Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable)
- 83.3%
- Population scale
- 98.1%
- Settlement concentration
- 82.9%
- State footprint
- 65.7%
Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.
Closest demographic peer 2
U.S.–Belize community
83.6% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.
With race and ethnicity: 83.6% · without: 83.6% · rank change: 2.
Strongest similarities: Housing and mobility, Migration, nativity, and generation, Education, work, and income
Largest differences: Population and settlement, Age and household, Education, work, and income
View dimension scores
- Age and household
- 91.3%
- Education, work, and income
- 91.7%
- Housing and mobility
- 95.4%
- Migration, nativity, and generation
- 93.9%
- Population and settlement
- 66.7%
- Population scale
- 83.8%
- Settlement concentration
- 84.0%
- State footprint
- 32.4%
Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.
Closest demographic peer 3
U.S.–Uruguay community
82.7% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.
With race and ethnicity: 82.7% · without: 82.7% · rank change: 2.
Strongest similarities: Housing and mobility, Migration, nativity, and generation, Education, work, and income
Largest differences: Population and settlement, Age and household, Education, work, and income
View dimension scores
- Age and household
- 91.9%
- Education, work, and income
- 94.7%
- Housing and mobility
- 95.8%
- Migration, nativity, and generation
- 95.7%
- Population and settlement
- 60.6%
- Population scale
- 82.5%
- Settlement concentration
- 81.1%
- State footprint
- 18.3%
Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.
Largest measured differences
The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.
- U.S.–India community — 52.4% measured structural similarity
- U.S.–Germany community — 52.7% measured structural similarity
- U.S.–Guatemala community — 55.8% measured structural similarity
Data quality
- Profile state
- eligible_high_reliability
- Reliable dimensions
- 16
- Observed basis
- Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS
Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.
What should not be inferred
Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.
How the comparison was calculated
Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.