U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Cuba community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population1,457,080Margin of error ± 17,261

Foreign-born estimate1,423,551Margin of error ± 17,650

Unweighted sample58,880Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNaturalized Us Citizen 59.6% · Not Us Citizen 38.1%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesFlorida, Texas, New JerseyPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

Florida/FL

1,071,101 · 73.5%

Texas/TX

94,185 · 6.5%

New Jersey/NJ

44,893 · 3.1%

Nevada/NV

27,613 · 1.9%

California/CA

27,387 · 1.9%

New York/NY

22,859 · 1.6%

Kentucky/KY

22,150 · 1.5%

Georgia/GA

15,650 · 1.1%

Arizona/AZ

11,231 · 0.8%

North Carolina/NC

10,624 · 0.7%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
Florida/FL	1,071,101	73.5%	10.983272	high
Texas/TX	94,185	6.5%	0.717137	high
New Jersey/NJ	44,893	3.1%	1.104373	high
Nevada/NV	27,613	1.9%	1.993049	high
California/CA	27,387	1.9%	0.160233	high
New York/NY	22,859	1.6%	0.264671	high
Kentucky/KY	22,150	1.5%	1.122727	high
Georgia/GA	15,650	1.1%	0.328808	high
Arizona/AZ	11,231	0.8%	0.349858	moderate
North Carolina/NC	10,624	0.7%	0.227579	moderate

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian Alone0.1%

Estimate 2,020 ± 708; unweighted sample 68.

Asian Alone0.1%

Estimate 1,933 ± 413; unweighted sample 121.

Black Alone1.2%

Estimate 16,788 ± 2,002; unweighted sample 658.

Nhpi AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 14; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race Alone13.4%

Estimate 194,681 ± 6,495; unweighted sample 7934.

Two Or More Races70.4%

Estimate 1,025,362 ± 13,876; unweighted sample 40689.

White Alone14.8%

Estimate 216,054 ± 8,282; unweighted sample 9396.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino99.2%

Estimate 1,445,930 ± 17,379; unweighted sample 58239.

Not Hispanic Or Latino0.8%

Estimate 11,150 ± 1,077; unweighted sample 641.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3417.6%

Estimate 256,656 ± 6,278; unweighted sample 9182.

35 To 4922.9%

Estimate 332,963 ± 6,639; unweighted sample 11454.

50 To 6428.2%

Estimate 410,460 ± 7,233; unweighted sample 16575.

65 And Over26.4%

Estimate 384,165 ± 5,474; unweighted sample 19106.

Under 185.0%

Estimate 72,836 ± 3,758; unweighted sample 2563.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female49.8%

Estimate 725,748 ± 9,559; unweighted sample 30458.

Male50.2%

Estimate 731,332 ± 9,521; unweighted sample 28422.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent2.3%

Estimate 33,529 ± 2,421; unweighted sample 1579.

Naturalized Us Citizen59.6%

Estimate 867,978 ± 11,228; unweighted sample 38468.

Not Us Citizen38.1%

Estimate 555,573 ± 13,765; unweighted sample 18833.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201927.5%

Estimate 400,950 ± 9,325; unweighted sample 14320.

2020 Or Later11.6%

Estimate 168,490 ± 7,233; unweighted sample 5785.

Before 201060.9%

Estimate 887,640 ± 11,208; unweighted sample 38775.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3437.6%

Estimate 547,423 ± 9,416; unweighted sample 21370.

35 To 4919.1%

Estimate 278,569 ± 6,295; unweighted sample 11105.

50 And Over9.1%

Estimate 133,237 ± 4,066; unweighted sample 5460.

Under 1834.2%

Estimate 497,851 ± 8,666; unweighted sample 20945.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only6.8%

Estimate 98,385 ± 3,023; unweighted sample 4559.

Not At All18.6%

Estimate 269,168 ± 7,273; unweighted sample 10217.

Not Well23.6%

Estimate 341,584 ± 8,020; unweighted sample 12760.

Very Well31.7%

Estimate 458,954 ± 7,537; unweighted sample 19604.

Well19.4%

Estimate 280,455 ± 5,701; unweighted sample 11456.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People11.7%

Estimate 91,919 ± 2,659; unweighted sample 3857.

One Person19.8%

Estimate 154,980 ± 4,616; unweighted sample 5857.

Three Or Four People35.4%

Estimate 277,069 ± 5,554; unweighted sample 11205.

Two People33.1%

Estimate 259,050 ± 5,257; unweighted sample 11138.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household72.3%

Estimate 565,962 ± 6,966; unweighted sample 23787.

Nonfamily Household27.7%

Estimate 217,056 ± 5,165; unweighted sample 8270.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational8.8%

Estimate 69,222 ± 2,538; unweighted sample 3026.

Not Multigenerational91.2%

Estimate 713,796 ± 7,851; unweighted sample 29031.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present24.6%

Estimate 192,430 ± 4,030; unweighted sample 7185.

No Children Present75.4%

Estimate 590,588 ± 6,742; unweighted sample 24872.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors17.2%

Estimate 225,079 ± 6,132; unweighted sample 9169.

Graduate Or Professional8.9%

Estimate 116,294 ± 3,893; unweighted sample 5591.

High School Or Equivalent32.7%

Estimate 429,061 ± 8,614; unweighted sample 16014.

Less Than High School20.9%

Estimate 273,968 ± 6,575; unweighted sample 11727.

Some College Or Associate20.3%

Estimate 266,196 ± 6,427; unweighted sample 11055.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed Forces0.1%

Estimate 1,617 ± 406; unweighted sample 59.

Employed58.3%

Estimate 814,660 ± 11,248; unweighted sample 30761.

Not In Labor Force38.6%

Estimate 539,169 ± 8,646; unweighted sample 24508.

Unemployed3.0%

Estimate 41,747 ± 2,284; unweighted sample 1497.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts27.9%

Estimate 268,151 ± 5,594; unweighted sample 11697.

Military Specific0.1%

Estimate 925 ± 312; unweighted sample 40.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance12.8%

Estimate 122,512 ± 4,693; unweighted sample 4293.

Production Transportation Material Moving20.4%

Estimate 195,639 ± 5,416; unweighted sample 6809.

Sales And Office18.5%

Estimate 177,674 ± 4,785; unweighted sample 7299.

Service20.4%

Estimate 195,745 ± 5,324; unweighted sample 7120.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining0.6%

Estimate 5,845 ± 794; unweighted sample 236.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality8.1%

Estimate 77,364 ± 3,755; unweighted sample 2775.

Construction10.9%

Estimate 104,047 ± 4,124; unweighted sample 3672.

Education Health Social Services20.8%

Estimate 197,644 ± 5,083; unweighted sample 8360.

Finance Insurance Real Estate6.0%

Estimate 57,214 ± 2,951; unweighted sample 2412.

Information1.2%

Estimate 11,700 ± 1,253; unweighted sample 479.

Manufacturing8.1%

Estimate 77,117 ± 3,435; unweighted sample 2913.

Military0.2%

Estimate 1,866 ± 445; unweighted sample 70.

Other Services5.9%

Estimate 55,962 ± 2,970; unweighted sample 1999.

Professional Administrative11.7%

Estimate 111,294 ± 3,747; unweighted sample 4466.

Public Administration2.3%

Estimate 21,683 ± 1,569; unweighted sample 974.

Retail Trade9.9%

Estimate 93,895 ± 3,313; unweighted sample 3660.

Transportation Utilities11.5%

Estimate 109,389 ± 4,218; unweighted sample 3756.

Wholesale Trade2.7%

Estimate 26,094 ± 2,059; unweighted sample 1105.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Personal income

100000 Or More7.7%

Estimate 107,997 ± 3,585; unweighted sample 4758.

1 To 2499936.4%

Estimate 511,202 ± 8,113; unweighted sample 21380.

25000 To 4999926.3%

Estimate 369,154 ± 7,851; unweighted sample 14081.

50000 To 9999916.6%

Estimate 233,646 ± 5,729; unweighted sample 9578.

Zero Or Negative12.9%

Estimate 181,551 ± 5,628; unweighted sample 7268.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent22.0%

Estimate 316,578 ± 9,285; unweighted sample 11728.

200 To 399 Percent34.1%

Estimate 491,490 ± 11,473; unweighted sample 18925.

400 Percent Or More27.1%

Estimate 389,927 ± 8,904; unweighted sample 17223.

Below 100 Percent16.8%

Estimate 241,654 ± 7,049; unweighted sample 9283.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered84.0%

Estimate 1,223,478 ± 15,801; unweighted sample 50931.

Not Covered16.0%

Estimate 233,602 ± 7,551; unweighted sample 7949.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability15.4%

Estimate 224,693 ± 4,747; unweighted sample 10977.

Without Disability84.6%

Estimate 1,232,387 ± 16,618; unweighted sample 47903.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent1.3%

Estimate 9,984 ± 977; unweighted sample 432.

Owned Free And Clear23.2%

Estimate 181,984 ± 4,587; unweighted sample 9019.

Owned With Mortgage33.6%

Estimate 263,114 ± 5,160; unweighted sample 11458.

Rented41.9%

Estimate 327,936 ± 5,853; unweighted sample 11148.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent27.9%

Estimate 89,435 ± 3,218; unweighted sample 3008.

50 Percent Or More32.4%

Estimate 103,863 ± 3,530; unweighted sample 3434.

Under 30 Percent39.7%

Estimate 127,140 ± 3,856; unweighted sample 4474.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence35.1%

Estimate 275,182 ± 5,699; unweighted sample 13083.

Mid Term Residence41.6%

Estimate 326,026 ± 6,341; unweighted sample 12552.

Recent Move23.2%

Estimate 181,810 ± 4,307; unweighted sample 6422.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us3.9%

Estimate 56,338 ± 3,918; unweighted sample 1934.

Different House In Us11.1%

Estimate 161,060 ± 5,978; unweighted sample 6220.

Same House85.1%

Estimate 1,238,856 ± 14,808; unweighted sample 50690.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

Florida/FL — 1,071,101
Texas/TX — 94,185
New Jersey/NJ — 44,893
Nevada/NV — 27,613
California/CA — 27,387
New York/NY — 22,859
Kentucky/KY — 22,150
Georgia/GA — 15,650
Arizona/AZ — 11,231
North Carolina/NC — 10,624

Highest location quotient

Florida/FL — 10.98
Nevada/NV — 1.99
Kentucky/KY — 1.12
New Jersey/NJ — 1.10
Texas/TX — 0.72
Nebraska/NE — 0.70
Louisiana/LA — 0.42
New Mexico/NM — 0.38
Arizona/AZ — 0.35
Georgia/GA — 0.33

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

New Mexico/NM — 83.6%
Montana/MT — 83.6%
Texas/TX — 82.9%
Florida/FL — 82.4%
Nevada/NV — 82.2%
California/CA — 81.9%
Arizona/AZ — 81.5%
Vermont/VT — 81.4%
North Dakota/ND — 81.0%
Oklahoma/OK — 79.8%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Cuba community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Colombia community

90.2% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 90.2% · without: 88.2% · rank change: 1.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Migration, nativity, and generation, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Language, Education, work, and income

View dimension scores

Age and household: 94.7%
Education, work, and income: 93.2%
Housing and mobility: 95.3%
Language: 85.9%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 96.0%
Population and settlement: 75.6%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 98.2%
Population scale: 95.0%
Settlement concentration: 73.8%
State footprint: 57.9%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–Dominican Republic community

89.2% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 89.2% · without: 86.6% · rank change: 1.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Language, Education, work, and income

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Housing and mobility, Age and household

View dimension scores

Age and household: 93.0%
Education, work, and income: 94.2%
Housing and mobility: 92.7%
Language: 96.9%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 93.6%
Population and settlement: 70.9%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 99.4%
Population scale: 98.8%
Settlement concentration: 85.0%
State footprint: 28.9%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–Nicaragua community

89.1% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 89.1% · without: 86.5% · rank change: 1.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Language, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Age and household

View dimension scores

Age and household: 92.0%
Education, work, and income: 93.3%
Housing and mobility: 94.7%
Language: 96.8%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 91.7%
Population and settlement: 71.8%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 99.3%
Population scale: 78.3%
Settlement concentration: 79.1%
State footprint: 58.2%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Iceland community — 51.5% measured structural similarity
U.S.–United Arab Emirates community — 55.9% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Montenegro community — 56.9% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 23
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality