U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Australia community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population128,540Margin of error ± 3,886

Foreign-born estimate102,893Margin of error ± 3,725

Unweighted sample6,633Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNot Us Citizen 50.4% · Naturalized Us Citizen 29.7%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesCalifornia, New York, TexasPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

California/CA

28,370 · 22.1%

New York/NY

14,577 · 11.3%

Texas/TX

9,431 · 7.3%

Florida/FL

8,198 · 6.4%

Washington/WA

6,380 · 5.0%

Colorado/CO

4,668 · 3.6%

Massachusetts/MA

3,400 · 2.6%

Illinois/IL

3,337 · 2.6%

Virginia/VA

3,018 · 2.3%

Georgia/GA

2,971 · 2.3%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
California/CA	28,370	22.1%	1.881535	high
New York/NY	14,577	11.3%	1.913207	high
Texas/TX	9,431	7.3%	0.813998	high
Florida/FL	8,198	6.4%	0.952915	moderate
Washington/WA	6,380	5.0%	2.126844	moderate
Colorado/CO	4,668	3.6%	2.074804	moderate
Massachusetts/MA	3,400	2.6%	1.257657	moderate
Illinois/IL	3,337	2.6%	0.684915	limited
Virginia/VA	3,018	2.3%	0.903333	limited
Georgia/GA	2,971	2.3%	0.707579	limited

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 6; public estimate withheld.

Asian Alone6.3%

Estimate 8,051 ± 900; unweighted sample 383.

Black Alone0.5%

Estimate 622 ± 243; unweighted sample 29.

Nhpi AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 18; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race Alone0.9%

Estimate 1,138 ± 366; unweighted sample 47.

Two Or More Races6.7%

Estimate 8,561 ± 766; unweighted sample 404.

White Alone85.3%

Estimate 109,593 ± 3,610; unweighted sample 5746.

Other Or Suppressed0.4%

Estimate 575 ± Not enough reliable data; unweighted sample 24.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino1.9%

Estimate 2,414 ± 570; unweighted sample 121.

Not Hispanic Or Latino98.1%

Estimate 126,126 ± 4,005; unweighted sample 6512.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3422.5%

Estimate 28,941 ± 2,130; unweighted sample 1344.

35 To 4929.6%

Estimate 38,067 ± 1,769; unweighted sample 1817.

50 To 6420.7%

Estimate 26,598 ± 1,663; unweighted sample 1474.

65 And Over15.0%

Estimate 19,316 ± 1,630; unweighted sample 1163.

Under 1812.2%

Estimate 15,618 ± 1,238; unweighted sample 835.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female46.9%

Estimate 60,250 ± 2,391; unweighted sample 3158.

Male53.1%

Estimate 68,290 ± 2,603; unweighted sample 3475.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent20.0%

Estimate 25,647 ± 1,665; unweighted sample 1335.

Naturalized Us Citizen29.7%

Estimate 38,131 ± 2,024; unweighted sample 2177.

Not Us Citizen50.4%

Estimate 64,762 ± 3,062; unweighted sample 3121.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201935.6%

Estimate 45,731 ± 2,750; unweighted sample 2194.

2020 Or Later10.7%

Estimate 13,809 ± 1,532; unweighted sample 731.

Before 201053.7%

Estimate 69,000 ± 2,880; unweighted sample 3708.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3443.5%

Estimate 55,896 ± 2,452; unweighted sample 2765.

35 To 4914.0%

Estimate 18,055 ± 1,255; unweighted sample 984.

50 And Over2.7%

Estimate 3,533 ± 846; unweighted sample 210.

Under 1839.7%

Estimate 51,056 ± 2,202; unweighted sample 2674.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only89.2%

Estimate 112,608 ± 3,344; unweighted sample 5914.

Not At AllSuppressed

Unweighted sample 3; public estimate withheld.

Not WellSuppressed

Unweighted sample 31; public estimate withheld.

Very Well8.9%

Estimate 11,294 ± 1,302; unweighted sample 546.

Well0.8%

Estimate 1,051 ± 392; unweighted sample 40.

Other Or Suppressed1.0%

Estimate 1,285 ± Not enough reliable data; unweighted sample 34.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People9.9%

Estimate 10,192 ± 858; unweighted sample 548.

One Person15.8%

Estimate 16,264 ± 1,417; unweighted sample 749.

Three Or Four People35.9%

Estimate 36,990 ± 1,993; unweighted sample 1884.

Two People38.5%

Estimate 39,678 ± 1,797; unweighted sample 2073.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household73.1%

Estimate 75,419 ± 2,737; unweighted sample 3997.

Nonfamily Household26.9%

Estimate 27,705 ± 1,824; unweighted sample 1257.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational2.7%

Estimate 2,735 ± 544; unweighted sample 145.

Not Multigenerational97.3%

Estimate 100,389 ± 3,194; unweighted sample 5109.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present33.9%

Estimate 34,926 ± 1,959; unweighted sample 1801.

No Children Present66.1%

Estimate 68,198 ± 2,475; unweighted sample 3453.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors32.9%

Estimate 34,292 ± 2,037; unweighted sample 1675.

Graduate Or Professional26.4%

Estimate 27,563 ± 1,684; unweighted sample 1477.

High School Or Equivalent14.0%

Estimate 14,592 ± 1,546; unweighted sample 719.

Less Than High School4.5%

Estimate 4,698 ± 609; unweighted sample 258.

Some College Or Associate22.2%

Estimate 23,148 ± 1,598; unweighted sample 1184.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed ForcesSuppressed

Unweighted sample 16; public estimate withheld.

Employed68.1%

Estimate 78,166 ± 2,848; unweighted sample 3784.

Not In Labor Force28.7%

Estimate 32,969 ± 1,963; unweighted sample 1938.

Unemployed3.0%

Estimate 3,428 ± 528; unweighted sample 178.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts65.7%

Estimate 61,969 ± 2,670; unweighted sample 3062.

Military SpecificSuppressed

Unweighted sample 10; public estimate withheld.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance3.9%

Estimate 3,653 ± 524; unweighted sample 173.

Production Transportation Material Moving6.5%

Estimate 6,154 ± 806; unweighted sample 296.

Sales And Office14.7%

Estimate 13,859 ± 1,025; unweighted sample 696.

Service9.1%

Estimate 8,547 ± 768; unweighted sample 463.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining0.5%

Estimate 494 ± 147; unweighted sample 38.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality8.9%

Estimate 8,292 ± 959; unweighted sample 417.

Construction4.0%

Estimate 3,711 ± 534; unweighted sample 177.

Education Health Social Services20.5%

Estimate 18,986 ± 1,398; unweighted sample 973.

Finance Insurance Real Estate8.6%

Estimate 7,997 ± 926; unweighted sample 357.

Information5.0%

Estimate 4,657 ± 1,145; unweighted sample 202.

Manufacturing8.2%

Estimate 7,575 ± 728; unweighted sample 392.

MilitarySuppressed

Unweighted sample 17; public estimate withheld.

Other Services4.5%

Estimate 4,181 ± 657; unweighted sample 220.

Professional Administrative22.7%

Estimate 21,048 ± 1,441; unweighted sample 1048.

Public Administration3.3%

Estimate 3,044 ± 409; unweighted sample 165.

Retail Trade8.0%

Estimate 7,430 ± 819; unweighted sample 355.

Transportation Utilities3.4%

Estimate 3,115 ± 604; unweighted sample 145.

Wholesale Trade2.2%

Estimate 2,004 ± 407; unweighted sample 103.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Personal income

100000 Or More35.4%

Estimate 41,099 ± 2,092; unweighted sample 2051.

1 To 2499918.5%

Estimate 21,399 ± 1,746; unweighted sample 1213.

25000 To 4999913.6%

Estimate 15,822 ± 1,223; unweighted sample 813.

50000 To 9999920.4%

Estimate 23,655 ± 1,845; unweighted sample 1137.

Zero Or Negative12.0%

Estimate 13,964 ± 1,246; unweighted sample 759.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent7.5%

Estimate 9,476 ± 924; unweighted sample 491.

200 To 399 Percent17.5%

Estimate 21,909 ± 1,858; unweighted sample 1076.

400 Percent Or More68.4%

Estimate 85,890 ± 3,041; unweighted sample 4404.

Below 100 Percent6.6%

Estimate 8,275 ± 1,360; unweighted sample 387.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered95.2%

Estimate 122,374 ± 3,736; unweighted sample 6335.

Not Covered4.8%

Estimate 6,166 ± 757; unweighted sample 298.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability7.9%

Estimate 10,133 ± 1,051; unweighted sample 579.

Without Disability92.1%

Estimate 118,407 ± 3,592; unweighted sample 6054.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent1.4%

Estimate 1,458 ± 380; unweighted sample 55.

Owned Free And Clear20.1%

Estimate 20,684 ± 1,415; unweighted sample 1212.

Owned With Mortgage46.3%

Estimate 47,754 ± 1,964; unweighted sample 2569.

Rented32.2%

Estimate 33,228 ± 1,895; unweighted sample 1418.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent18.7%

Estimate 6,118 ± 811; unweighted sample 270.

50 Percent Or More17.0%

Estimate 5,561 ± 831; unweighted sample 241.

Under 30 Percent64.4%

Estimate 21,100 ± 1,575; unweighted sample 888.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence30.6%

Estimate 31,584 ± 1,807; unweighted sample 1746.

Mid Term Residence41.0%

Estimate 42,230 ± 2,157; unweighted sample 2126.

Recent Move28.4%

Estimate 29,310 ± 1,759; unweighted sample 1382.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us4.6%

Estimate 5,858 ± 915; unweighted sample 331.

Different House In Us14.8%

Estimate 19,004 ± 1,857; unweighted sample 864.

Same House80.6%

Estimate 103,576 ± 3,433; unweighted sample 5431.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

California/CA — 28,370
New York/NY — 14,577
Texas/TX — 9,431
Florida/FL — 8,198
Washington/WA — 6,380
Colorado/CO — 4,668
Massachusetts/MA — 3,400
Illinois/IL — 3,337
Virginia/VA — 3,018
Georgia/GA — 2,971

Highest location quotient

Hawaii/HI — 2.74
District of Columbia/DC — 2.51
Washington/WA — 2.13
Colorado/CO — 2.07
New York/NY — 1.91
California/CA — 1.88
Oregon/OR — 1.67
Nevada/NV — 1.36
Utah/UT — 1.28
Massachusetts/MA — 1.26

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

New Hampshire/NH — 93.2%
Vermont/VT — 93.0%
District of Columbia/DC — 92.1%
Minnesota/MN — 91.1%
Maine/ME — 90.7%
North Dakota/ND — 90.4%
Wisconsin/WI — 89.9%
Iowa/IA — 89.7%
Montana/MT — 89.1%
Massachusetts/MA — 89.0%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Australia community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–South Africa community

94.0% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 94.0% · without: 93.5% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Age and household, Education, work, and income, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable)

View dimension scores

Age and household: 98.5%
Education, work, and income: 97.1%
Housing and mobility: 96.6%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 90.8%
Population and settlement: 89.7%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 96.1%
Population scale: 98.0%
Settlement concentration: 95.5%
State footprint: 75.5%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–Sweden community

93.9% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 93.9% · without: 92.3% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Education, work, and income, Age and household

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Housing and mobility

View dimension scores

Age and household: 96.8%
Education, work, and income: 97.8%
Housing and mobility: 95.3%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 92.0%
Population and settlement: 86.3%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 99.6%
Population scale: 87.2%
Settlement concentration: 97.9%
State footprint: 73.9%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–Singapore community

93.4% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 93.4% · without: 92.2% · rank change: 1.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Age and household, Migration, nativity, and generation

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Housing and mobility, Education, work, and income

View dimension scores

Age and household: 97.5%
Education, work, and income: 95.3%
Housing and mobility: 95.1%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 96.9%
Population and settlement: 84.1%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 98.2%
Population scale: 85.0%
Settlement concentration: 94.1%
State footprint: 73.1%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Cuba community — 58.2% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Tonga community — 59.2% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Mexico community — 60.2% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 21
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality