U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Italy community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population376,938Margin of error ± 5,529

Foreign-born estimate301,034Margin of error ± 5,365

Unweighted sample19,520Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNaturalized Us Citizen 57.5% · Not Us Citizen 22.3%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesNew York, Florida, CaliforniaPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

New York/NY

84,791 · 22.5%

Florida/FL

38,454 · 10.2%

California/CA

36,823 · 9.8%

New Jersey/NJ

34,250 · 9.1%

Pennsylvania/PA

18,692 · 5.0%

Massachusetts/MA

18,135 · 4.8%

Illinois/IL

17,468 · 4.6%

Connecticut/CT

15,601 · 4.1%

Texas/TX

12,810 · 3.4%

Virginia/VA

9,984 · 2.6%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
New York/NY	84,791	22.5%	3.795001	high
Florida/FL	38,454	10.2%	1.52425	high
California/CA	36,823	9.8%	0.8328	high
New Jersey/NJ	34,250	9.1%	3.25695	high
Pennsylvania/PA	18,692	5.0%	1.275747	high
Massachusetts/MA	18,135	4.8%	2.287542	high
Illinois/IL	17,468	4.6%	1.222621	high
Connecticut/CT	15,601	4.1%	3.824527	high
Texas/TX	12,810	3.4%	0.377036	high
Virginia/VA	9,984	2.6%	1.019065	moderate

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 12; public estimate withheld.

Asian Alone0.7%

Estimate 2,481 ± 427; unweighted sample 145.

Black Alone1.9%

Estimate 7,074 ± 985; unweighted sample 242.

Nhpi AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 8; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race Alone0.9%

Estimate 3,411 ± 686; unweighted sample 140.

Two Or More Races3.4%

Estimate 12,781 ± 1,242; unweighted sample 593.

White Alone93.0%

Estimate 350,692 ± 5,245; unweighted sample 18380.

Other Or Suppressed0.1%

Estimate 499 ± Not enough reliable data; unweighted sample 20.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino2.6%

Estimate 9,714 ± 1,218; unweighted sample 411.

Not Hispanic Or Latino97.4%

Estimate 367,224 ± 5,484; unweighted sample 19109.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3411.3%

Estimate 42,407 ± 2,141; unweighted sample 1994.

35 To 4913.8%

Estimate 51,923 ± 2,579; unweighted sample 2428.

50 To 6422.7%

Estimate 85,609 ± 2,978; unweighted sample 4216.

65 And Over46.2%

Estimate 173,996 ± 4,529; unweighted sample 9899.

Under 186.1%

Estimate 23,003 ± 1,917; unweighted sample 983.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female48.5%

Estimate 182,911 ± 4,106; unweighted sample 9570.

Male51.5%

Estimate 194,027 ± 3,614; unweighted sample 9950.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent20.1%

Estimate 75,904 ± 2,664; unweighted sample 3760.

Naturalized Us Citizen57.5%

Estimate 216,814 ± 4,460; unweighted sample 11732.

Not Us Citizen22.3%

Estimate 84,220 ± 3,238; unweighted sample 4028.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201913.9%

Estimate 52,277 ± 2,512; unweighted sample 2455.

2020 Or Later5.0%

Estimate 18,911 ± 1,723; unweighted sample 889.

Before 201081.1%

Estimate 305,750 ± 4,848; unweighted sample 16176.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3433.8%

Estimate 127,512 ± 3,199; unweighted sample 6725.

35 To 498.1%

Estimate 30,508 ± 1,706; unweighted sample 1576.

50 And Over2.7%

Estimate 10,149 ± 1,094; unweighted sample 520.

Under 1855.4%

Estimate 208,769 ± 4,560; unweighted sample 10699.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only35.7%

Estimate 132,992 ± 3,518; unweighted sample 6875.

Not At All0.9%

Estimate 3,362 ± 504; unweighted sample 183.

Not Well6.8%

Estimate 25,355 ± 1,618; unweighted sample 1310.

Very Well40.0%

Estimate 149,308 ± 3,267; unweighted sample 7619.

Well16.6%

Estimate 61,872 ± 2,738; unweighted sample 3386.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People8.4%

Estimate 25,941 ± 1,564; unweighted sample 1236.

One Person22.3%

Estimate 68,900 ± 2,606; unweighted sample 3301.

Three Or Four People29.3%

Estimate 90,307 ± 2,927; unweighted sample 4343.

Two People40.0%

Estimate 123,577 ± 3,350; unweighted sample 6681.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household71.8%

Estimate 221,561 ± 4,022; unweighted sample 11406.

Nonfamily Household28.2%

Estimate 87,164 ± 2,924; unweighted sample 4155.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational4.5%

Estimate 13,991 ± 1,131; unweighted sample 688.

Not Multigenerational95.5%

Estimate 294,734 ± 4,742; unweighted sample 14873.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present19.9%

Estimate 61,339 ± 2,865; unweighted sample 2784.

No Children Present80.1%

Estimate 247,386 ± 4,600; unweighted sample 12777.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors15.0%

Estimate 50,686 ± 2,386; unweighted sample 2603.

Graduate Or Professional17.9%

Estimate 60,744 ± 2,551; unweighted sample 3271.

High School Or Equivalent26.8%

Estimate 90,945 ± 2,613; unweighted sample 4607.

Less Than High School22.4%

Estimate 75,926 ± 2,452; unweighted sample 4135.

Some College Or Associate17.9%

Estimate 60,724 ± 2,453; unweighted sample 3146.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed Forces0.4%

Estimate 1,301 ± 334; unweighted sample 66.

Employed44.7%

Estimate 159,989 ± 3,891; unweighted sample 7822.

Not In Labor Force52.9%

Estimate 189,204 ± 4,237; unweighted sample 10502.

Unemployed2.0%

Estimate 7,323 ± 917; unweighted sample 338.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts49.2%

Estimate 102,290 ± 3,269; unweighted sample 5280.

Military Specific0.4%

Estimate 834 ± 281; unweighted sample 41.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance7.0%

Estimate 14,458 ± 1,262; unweighted sample 682.

Production Transportation Material Moving8.6%

Estimate 17,869 ± 1,265; unweighted sample 906.

Sales And Office19.1%

Estimate 39,772 ± 2,173; unweighted sample 1985.

Service15.7%

Estimate 32,721 ± 1,703; unweighted sample 1574.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining0.4%

Estimate 910 ± 269; unweighted sample 48.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality11.6%

Estimate 23,756 ± 1,659; unweighted sample 1131.

Construction6.6%

Estimate 13,489 ± 1,241; unweighted sample 634.

Education Health Social Services22.4%

Estimate 45,908 ± 2,181; unweighted sample 2359.

Finance Insurance Real Estate7.2%

Estimate 14,722 ± 1,166; unweighted sample 744.

Information2.0%

Estimate 4,175 ± 682; unweighted sample 218.

Manufacturing8.8%

Estimate 18,083 ± 1,132; unweighted sample 947.

Military0.7%

Estimate 1,458 ± 367; unweighted sample 74.

Other Services5.6%

Estimate 11,537 ± 1,102; unweighted sample 590.

Professional Administrative14.1%

Estimate 28,891 ± 1,652; unweighted sample 1496.

Public Administration3.9%

Estimate 7,926 ± 772; unweighted sample 410.

Retail Trade9.9%

Estimate 20,257 ± 1,405; unweighted sample 995.

Transportation Utilities3.9%

Estimate 8,036 ± 914; unweighted sample 415.

Wholesale Trade3.0%

Estimate 6,153 ± 765; unweighted sample 271.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Personal income

100000 Or More18.5%

Estimate 66,645 ± 2,599; unweighted sample 3423.

1 To 2499930.4%

Estimate 109,468 ± 3,433; unweighted sample 5818.

25000 To 4999921.8%

Estimate 78,225 ± 2,101; unweighted sample 4066.

50000 To 9999920.9%

Estimate 75,096 ± 2,498; unweighted sample 3858.

Zero Or Negative8.4%

Estimate 30,092 ± 1,693; unweighted sample 1643.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent13.9%

Estimate 51,630 ± 2,714; unweighted sample 2503.

200 To 399 Percent27.6%

Estimate 101,982 ± 3,017; unweighted sample 5016.

400 Percent Or More48.4%

Estimate 179,193 ± 4,267; unweighted sample 9422.

Below 100 Percent10.1%

Estimate 37,312 ± 1,812; unweighted sample 1863.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered96.1%

Estimate 362,245 ± 5,508; unweighted sample 18848.

Not Covered3.9%

Estimate 14,693 ± 1,329; unweighted sample 672.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability19.9%

Estimate 75,051 ± 2,588; unweighted sample 4208.

Without Disability80.1%

Estimate 301,887 ± 5,241; unweighted sample 15312.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent1.7%

Estimate 5,154 ± 800; unweighted sample 239.

Owned Free And Clear39.2%

Estimate 120,884 ± 2,775; unweighted sample 6727.

Owned With Mortgage37.8%

Estimate 116,586 ± 2,718; unweighted sample 5877.

Rented21.4%

Estimate 66,101 ± 2,679; unweighted sample 2718.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent23.3%

Estimate 15,099 ± 1,288; unweighted sample 630.

50 Percent Or More25.6%

Estimate 16,568 ± 1,428; unweighted sample 670.

Under 30 Percent51.0%

Estimate 33,004 ± 1,679; unweighted sample 1368.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence53.3%

Estimate 164,502 ± 3,608; unweighted sample 8781.

Mid Term Residence29.6%

Estimate 91,508 ± 2,719; unweighted sample 4439.

Recent Move17.1%

Estimate 52,715 ± 2,133; unweighted sample 2341.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us2.6%

Estimate 9,684 ± 1,355; unweighted sample 463.

Different House In Us9.3%

Estimate 34,922 ± 1,979; unweighted sample 1721.

Same House88.2%

Estimate 332,081 ± 5,542; unweighted sample 17321.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

New York/NY — 84,791
Florida/FL — 38,454
California/CA — 36,823
New Jersey/NJ — 34,250
Pennsylvania/PA — 18,692
Massachusetts/MA — 18,135
Illinois/IL — 17,468
Connecticut/CT — 15,601
Texas/TX — 12,810
Virginia/VA — 9,984

Highest location quotient

Connecticut/CT — 3.82
New York/NY — 3.80
New Jersey/NJ — 3.26
Massachusetts/MA — 2.29
Rhode Island/RI — 2.08
District of Columbia/DC — 1.62
Florida/FL — 1.52
Pennsylvania/PA — 1.28
Illinois/IL — 1.22
Virginia/VA — 1.02

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

Vermont/VT — 93.5%
Montana/MT — 90.5%
North Dakota/ND — 90.1%
Maine/ME — 88.9%
Rhode Island/RI — 88.2%
West Virginia/WV — 88.1%
New Hampshire/NH — 87.4%
Iowa/IA — 86.9%
Pennsylvania/PA — 86.9%
Kentucky/KY — 86.8%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Italy community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Greece community

92.7% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 92.7% · without: 92.8% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Age and household, Housing and mobility, Education, work, and income

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Language, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable)

View dimension scores

Age and household: 98.5%
Education, work, and income: 97.0%
Housing and mobility: 97.1%
Language: 86.9%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 93.8%
Population and settlement: 86.8%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 92.1%
Population scale: 84.8%
Settlement concentration: 98.7%
State footprint: 77.0%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–Ireland community

91.8% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 91.8% · without: 91.9% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Age and household, Housing and mobility, Education, work, and income

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Migration, nativity, and generation

View dimension scores

Age and household: 96.7%
Education, work, and income: 93.6%
Housing and mobility: 95.9%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 92.4%
Population and settlement: 87.2%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 91.6%
Population scale: 84.9%
Settlement concentration: 98.2%
State footprint: 78.5%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–Netherlands community

91.0% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 91.0% · without: 88.7% · rank change: 6.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Age and household, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Education, work, and income, Migration, nativity, and generation

View dimension scores

Age and household: 97.0%
Education, work, and income: 91.5%
Housing and mobility: 95.7%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 93.4%
Population and settlement: 78.1%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 99.6%
Population scale: 80.2%
Settlement concentration: 92.7%
State footprint: 61.4%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Rwanda community — 55.1% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Tonga community — 57.1% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Mongolia community — 57.7% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 24
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality