U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Peru community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population515,101Margin of error ± 11,228

Foreign-born estimate492,575Margin of error ± 10,726

Unweighted sample20,770Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNaturalized Us Citizen 58.7% · Not Us Citizen 36.9%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesFlorida, California, New JerseyPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

Florida/FL

105,082 · 20.4%

California/CA

79,470 · 15.4%

New Jersey/NJ

67,391 · 13.1%

New York/NY

58,197 · 11.3%

Virginia/VA

28,302 · 5.5%

Texas/TX

26,329 · 5.1%

Maryland/MD

17,066 · 3.3%

Connecticut/CT

15,290 · 3.0%

Georgia/GA

10,965 · 2.1%

Illinois/IL

10,855 · 2.1%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
Florida/FL	105,082	20.4%	3.04804	high
California/CA	79,470	15.4%	1.315231	high
New Jersey/NJ	67,391	13.1%	4.689536	high
New York/NY	58,197	11.3%	1.906076	high
Virginia/VA	28,302	5.5%	2.113936	high
Texas/TX	26,329	5.1%	0.567082	high
Maryland/MD	17,066	3.3%	1.788015	high
Connecticut/CT	15,290	3.0%	2.742902	high
Georgia/GA	10,965	2.1%	0.651669	moderate
Illinois/IL	10,855	2.1%	0.555976	moderate

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian Alone2.2%

Estimate 11,488 ± 1,245; unweighted sample 528.

Asian Alone1.2%

Estimate 6,199 ± 742; unweighted sample 347.

Black Alone0.3%

Estimate 1,477 ± 477; unweighted sample 55.

Nhpi AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 6; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race Alone44.0%

Estimate 226,483 ± 7,034; unweighted sample 8853.

Two Or More Races40.6%

Estimate 209,339 ± 5,661; unweighted sample 8427.

White Alone11.6%

Estimate 59,983 ± 3,546; unweighted sample 2554.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino97.9%

Estimate 504,317 ± 11,056; unweighted sample 20191.

Not Hispanic Or Latino2.1%

Estimate 10,784 ± 1,009; unweighted sample 579.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3417.1%

Estimate 88,214 ± 3,574; unweighted sample 3458.

35 To 4926.9%

Estimate 138,573 ± 4,466; unweighted sample 5252.

50 To 6429.3%

Estimate 150,871 ± 4,745; unweighted sample 6222.

65 And Over20.9%

Estimate 107,402 ± 4,261; unweighted sample 4818.

Under 185.8%

Estimate 30,041 ± 2,570; unweighted sample 1020.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female52.4%

Estimate 269,871 ± 6,230; unweighted sample 11337.

Male47.6%

Estimate 245,230 ± 6,570; unweighted sample 9433.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent4.4%

Estimate 22,526 ± 1,860; unweighted sample 1007.

Naturalized Us Citizen58.7%

Estimate 302,266 ± 7,829; unweighted sample 12647.

Not Us Citizen36.9%

Estimate 190,309 ± 6,672; unweighted sample 7116.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201917.3%

Estimate 89,267 ± 4,638; unweighted sample 3473.

2020 Or Later8.2%

Estimate 42,359 ± 3,189; unweighted sample 1535.

Before 201074.4%

Estimate 383,475 ± 9,377; unweighted sample 15762.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3441.8%

Estimate 215,501 ± 5,955; unweighted sample 8799.

35 To 4915.8%

Estimate 81,451 ± 3,885; unweighted sample 3331.

50 And Over6.0%

Estimate 30,708 ± 2,017; unweighted sample 1264.

Under 1836.4%

Estimate 187,441 ± 5,603; unweighted sample 7376.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only8.5%

Estimate 43,509 ± 2,338; unweighted sample 2023.

Not At All7.2%

Estimate 36,604 ± 3,066; unweighted sample 1215.

Not Well17.2%

Estimate 87,932 ± 4,214; unweighted sample 3338.

Very Well41.7%

Estimate 212,732 ± 5,443; unweighted sample 8793.

Well25.3%

Estimate 129,250 ± 4,856; unweighted sample 5265.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People17.3%

Estimate 56,441 ± 2,387; unweighted sample 2234.

One Person12.6%

Estimate 41,034 ± 2,618; unweighted sample 1591.

Three Or Four People40.6%

Estimate 132,293 ± 3,661; unweighted sample 5399.

Two People29.6%

Estimate 96,425 ± 3,301; unweighted sample 4192.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household78.9%

Estimate 257,374 ± 4,835; unweighted sample 10812.

Nonfamily Household21.1%

Estimate 68,819 ± 3,452; unweighted sample 2604.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational9.1%

Estimate 29,788 ± 1,757; unweighted sample 1146.

Not Multigenerational90.9%

Estimate 296,405 ± 6,483; unweighted sample 12270.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present33.3%

Estimate 108,666 ± 3,209; unweighted sample 4300.

No Children Present66.7%

Estimate 217,527 ± 5,455; unweighted sample 9116.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors21.1%

Estimate 97,268 ± 4,046; unweighted sample 3973.

Graduate Or Professional11.5%

Estimate 52,883 ± 2,353; unweighted sample 2465.

High School Or Equivalent28.2%

Estimate 129,729 ± 4,644; unweighted sample 4870.

Less Than High School10.8%

Estimate 49,823 ± 2,716; unweighted sample 2037.

Some College Or Associate28.4%

Estimate 130,468 ± 4,667; unweighted sample 5384.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed Forces0.3%

Estimate 1,378 ± 418; unweighted sample 58.

Employed66.5%

Estimate 325,811 ± 7,450; unweighted sample 12872.

Not In Labor Force29.8%

Estimate 145,794 ± 4,974; unweighted sample 6319.

Unemployed3.4%

Estimate 16,816 ± 1,596; unweighted sample 679.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts33.3%

Estimate 129,208 ± 4,320; unweighted sample 5518.

Military Specific0.1%

Estimate 517 ± 237; unweighted sample 25.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance9.1%

Estimate 35,221 ± 1,818; unweighted sample 1243.

Production Transportation Material Moving15.3%

Estimate 59,453 ± 3,138; unweighted sample 2272.

Sales And Office18.5%

Estimate 71,786 ± 3,174; unweighted sample 2953.

Service23.7%

Estimate 92,208 ± 3,881; unweighted sample 3568.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining0.6%

Estimate 2,363 ± 527; unweighted sample 100.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality11.6%

Estimate 44,569 ± 2,441; unweighted sample 1686.

Construction8.2%

Estimate 31,306 ± 2,111; unweighted sample 1069.

Education Health Social Services21.9%

Estimate 84,005 ± 3,591; unweighted sample 3523.

Finance Insurance Real Estate6.6%

Estimate 25,426 ± 1,682; unweighted sample 1052.

Information1.4%

Estimate 5,293 ± 894; unweighted sample 229.

Manufacturing8.3%

Estimate 31,923 ± 2,232; unweighted sample 1298.

Military0.4%

Estimate 1,679 ± 475; unweighted sample 66.

Other Services5.6%

Estimate 21,455 ± 1,566; unweighted sample 860.

Professional Administrative14.1%

Estimate 54,118 ± 2,582; unweighted sample 2203.

Public Administration3.0%

Estimate 11,404 ± 1,126; unweighted sample 496.

Retail Trade9.4%

Estimate 36,041 ± 2,021; unweighted sample 1478.

Transportation Utilities6.4%

Estimate 24,546 ± 1,588; unweighted sample 934.

Wholesale Trade2.6%

Estimate 9,895 ± 1,077; unweighted sample 402.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Personal income

100000 Or More10.9%

Estimate 53,691 ± 2,110; unweighted sample 2280.

1 To 2499928.4%

Estimate 139,761 ± 4,330; unweighted sample 5853.

25000 To 4999925.9%

Estimate 127,634 ± 5,100; unweighted sample 4887.

50000 To 9999921.6%

Estimate 106,434 ± 3,988; unweighted sample 4304.

Zero Or Negative13.1%

Estimate 64,649 ± 2,859; unweighted sample 2686.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent17.2%

Estimate 87,890 ± 4,262; unweighted sample 3298.

200 To 399 Percent33.4%

Estimate 170,183 ± 6,373; unweighted sample 6580.

400 Percent Or More37.3%

Estimate 190,506 ± 6,316; unweighted sample 8216.

Below 100 Percent12.1%

Estimate 61,672 ± 3,722; unweighted sample 2299.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered82.2%

Estimate 423,596 ± 9,879; unweighted sample 17715.

Not Covered17.8%

Estimate 91,505 ± 4,992; unweighted sample 3055.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability11.2%

Estimate 57,843 ± 2,964; unweighted sample 2536.

Without Disability88.8%

Estimate 457,258 ± 10,062; unweighted sample 18234.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent1.3%

Estimate 4,264 ± 780; unweighted sample 169.

Owned Free And Clear18.2%

Estimate 59,438 ± 2,533; unweighted sample 2927.

Owned With Mortgage40.7%

Estimate 132,770 ± 3,824; unweighted sample 5778.

Rented39.8%

Estimate 129,721 ± 4,306; unweighted sample 4542.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent26.6%

Estimate 33,982 ± 2,068; unweighted sample 1194.

50 Percent Or More27.7%

Estimate 35,392 ± 2,225; unweighted sample 1216.

Under 30 Percent45.7%

Estimate 58,410 ± 2,491; unweighted sample 2069.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence35.5%

Estimate 115,685 ± 3,639; unweighted sample 5194.

Mid Term Residence42.0%

Estimate 136,976 ± 4,069; unweighted sample 5523.

Recent Move22.5%

Estimate 73,532 ± 3,064; unweighted sample 2699.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us2.9%

Estimate 14,822 ± 1,827; unweighted sample 604.

Different House In Us11.1%

Estimate 56,988 ± 3,808; unweighted sample 2103.

Same House86.0%

Estimate 442,528 ± 10,323; unweighted sample 18041.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

Florida/FL — 105,082
California/CA — 79,470
New Jersey/NJ — 67,391
New York/NY — 58,197
Virginia/VA — 28,302
Texas/TX — 26,329
Maryland/MD — 17,066
Connecticut/CT — 15,290
Georgia/GA — 10,965
Illinois/IL — 10,855

Highest location quotient

New Jersey/NJ — 4.69
Florida/FL — 3.05
Connecticut/CT — 2.74
Virginia/VA — 2.11
New York/NY — 1.91
Utah/UT — 1.86
Maryland/MD — 1.79
District of Columbia/DC — 1.55
California/CA — 1.32
Nevada/NV — 1.02

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

Texas/TX — 85.6%
Montana/MT — 85.1%
California/CA — 84.6%
Florida/FL — 84.2%
North Dakota/ND — 83.9%
Nevada/NV — 83.8%
New Mexico/NM — 83.7%
Arizona/AZ — 83.4%
Vermont/VT — 83.3%
New Jersey/NJ — 82.1%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Peru community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Colombia community

94.4% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 94.4% · without: 93.8% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Education, work, and income, Age and household, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable)

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Language

View dimension scores

Age and household: 97.7%
Education, work, and income: 98.0%
Housing and mobility: 96.2%
Language: 96.0%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 95.3%
Population and settlement: 87.5%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 96.9%
Population scale: 89.9%
Settlement concentration: 95.2%
State footprint: 77.4%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–Argentina community

91.8% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 91.8% · without: 92.9% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Housing and mobility, Migration, nativity, and generation, Age and household

Largest differences: Language, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Population and settlement

View dimension scores

Age and household: 96.9%
Education, work, and income: 94.4%
Housing and mobility: 97.8%
Language: 82.6%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 97.5%
Population and settlement: 87.9%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 87.4%
Population scale: 87.2%
Settlement concentration: 96.7%
State footprint: 79.9%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–Costa Rica community

91.7% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 91.7% · without: 91.4% · rank change: 1.

Strongest similarities: Education, work, and income, Age and household, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Language, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable)

View dimension scores

Age and household: 97.9%
Education, work, and income: 98.6%
Housing and mobility: 97.1%
Language: 86.2%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 92.9%
Population and settlement: 82.4%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 92.9%
Population scale: 78.0%
Settlement concentration: 96.6%
State footprint: 72.5%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Iceland community — 56.5% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Montenegro community — 59.7% measured structural similarity
U.S.–United Arab Emirates community — 62.5% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 23
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality