U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Panama community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population153,790Margin of error ± 4,891

Foreign-born estimate105,037Margin of error ± 3,912

Unweighted sample6,755Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNaturalized Us Citizen 50.9% · Born Abroad Of Us Parent 31.7%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesFlorida, New York, TexasPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

Florida/FL

32,358 · 21.0%

New York/NY

17,942 · 11.7%

Texas/TX

13,994 · 9.1%

California/CA

12,352 · 8.0%

Georgia/GA

8,111 · 5.3%

Virginia/VA

7,959 · 5.2%

North Carolina/NC

5,092 · 3.3%

Maryland/MD

4,789 · 3.1%

New Jersey/NJ

4,248 · 2.8%

Pennsylvania/PA

3,458 · 2.2%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
Florida/FL	32,358	21.0%	3.14368	high
New York/NY	17,942	11.7%	1.968225	high
Texas/TX	13,994	9.1%	1.009526	high
California/CA	12,352	8.0%	0.6847	high
Georgia/GA	8,111	5.3%	1.614571	moderate
Virginia/VA	7,959	5.2%	1.99112	moderate
North Carolina/NC	5,092	3.3%	1.033448	moderate
Maryland/MD	4,789	3.1%	1.680539	limited
New Jersey/NJ	4,248	2.8%	0.990095	limited
Pennsylvania/PA	3,458	2.2%	0.578463	limited

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian Alone0.5%

Estimate 818 ± 245; unweighted sample 40.

Asian Alone2.0%

Estimate 3,134 ± 609; unweighted sample 178.

Black Alone11.8%

Estimate 18,191 ± 2,004; unweighted sample 748.

Nhpi AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 5; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race Alone22.4%

Estimate 34,439 ± 2,086; unweighted sample 1366.

Two Or More Races36.7%

Estimate 56,497 ± 2,999; unweighted sample 2441.

White Alone26.4%

Estimate 40,646 ± 2,218; unweighted sample 1977.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino74.9%

Estimate 115,246 ± 3,908; unweighted sample 4826.

Not Hispanic Or Latino25.1%

Estimate 38,544 ± 2,116; unweighted sample 1929.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3413.1%

Estimate 20,138 ± 1,805; unweighted sample 839.

35 To 4922.5%

Estimate 34,594 ± 2,106; unweighted sample 1349.

50 To 6430.4%

Estimate 46,813 ± 2,471; unweighted sample 2025.

65 And Over29.1%

Estimate 44,817 ± 2,155; unweighted sample 2283.

Under 184.8%

Estimate 7,428 ± 1,278; unweighted sample 259.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female56.8%

Estimate 87,329 ± 3,686; unweighted sample 3950.

Male43.2%

Estimate 66,461 ± 2,482; unweighted sample 2805.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent31.7%

Estimate 48,753 ± 2,671; unweighted sample 2326.

Naturalized Us Citizen50.9%

Estimate 78,311 ± 3,041; unweighted sample 3344.

Not Us Citizen17.4%

Estimate 26,726 ± 2,222; unweighted sample 1085.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201910.5%

Estimate 16,157 ± 2,084; unweighted sample 625.

2020 Or Later4.0%

Estimate 6,168 ± 1,234; unweighted sample 259.

Before 201085.5%

Estimate 131,465 ± 4,200; unweighted sample 5871.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3432.4%

Estimate 49,888 ± 2,479; unweighted sample 2179.

35 To 498.2%

Estimate 12,631 ± 1,281; unweighted sample 540.

50 And Over2.3%

Estimate 3,478 ± 624; unweighted sample 179.

Under 1857.1%

Estimate 87,793 ± 3,482; unweighted sample 3857.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only36.4%

Estimate 55,542 ± 2,569; unweighted sample 2574.

Not At All1.3%

Estimate 2,015 ± 361; unweighted sample 98.

Not Well5.2%

Estimate 7,896 ± 1,098; unweighted sample 299.

Very Well44.6%

Estimate 68,070 ± 2,848; unweighted sample 2913.

Well12.6%

Estimate 19,258 ± 1,587; unweighted sample 832.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People12.2%

Estimate 15,269 ± 1,349; unweighted sample 613.

One Person19.2%

Estimate 24,113 ± 1,722; unweighted sample 939.

Three Or Four People34.3%

Estimate 43,091 ± 2,294; unweighted sample 1859.

Two People34.4%

Estimate 43,181 ± 2,091; unweighted sample 2113.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household73.7%

Estimate 92,576 ± 3,028; unweighted sample 4238.

Nonfamily Household26.3%

Estimate 33,078 ± 2,039; unweighted sample 1286.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational7.1%

Estimate 8,921 ± 930; unweighted sample 372.

Not Multigenerational92.9%

Estimate 116,733 ± 3,365; unweighted sample 5152.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present26.5%

Estimate 33,291 ± 1,865; unweighted sample 1312.

No Children Present73.5%

Estimate 92,363 ± 3,017; unweighted sample 4212.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors22.2%

Estimate 31,317 ± 1,767; unweighted sample 1405.

Graduate Or Professional13.5%

Estimate 19,031 ± 1,214; unweighted sample 989.

High School Or Equivalent23.5%

Estimate 33,111 ± 2,123; unweighted sample 1372.

Less Than High School8.0%

Estimate 11,217 ± 1,023; unweighted sample 493.

Some College Or Associate32.8%

Estimate 46,257 ± 2,025; unweighted sample 2000.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed Forces0.7%

Estimate 1,049 ± 279; unweighted sample 64.

Employed56.6%

Estimate 83,445 ± 2,972; unweighted sample 3434.

Not In Labor Force40.0%

Estimate 58,916 ± 2,939; unweighted sample 2878.

Unemployed2.6%

Estimate 3,892 ± 712; unweighted sample 154.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts44.2%

Estimate 45,968 ± 2,051; unweighted sample 2048.

Military Specific0.7%

Estimate 764 ± 264; unweighted sample 43.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance6.6%

Estimate 6,821 ± 924; unweighted sample 269.

Production Transportation Material Moving12.2%

Estimate 12,654 ± 1,258; unweighted sample 485.

Sales And Office19.3%

Estimate 20,095 ± 1,626; unweighted sample 861.

Service17.0%

Estimate 17,657 ± 1,527; unweighted sample 732.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining0.6%

Estimate 628 ± 240; unweighted sample 28.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality8.1%

Estimate 8,281 ± 1,234; unweighted sample 317.

Construction5.6%

Estimate 5,688 ± 791; unweighted sample 235.

Education Health Social Services24.8%

Estimate 25,329 ± 1,650; unweighted sample 1159.

Finance Insurance Real Estate7.2%

Estimate 7,396 ± 859; unweighted sample 326.

Information2.1%

Estimate 2,120 ± 535; unweighted sample 81.

Manufacturing7.7%

Estimate 7,929 ± 955; unweighted sample 335.

Military1.3%

Estimate 1,350 ± 371; unweighted sample 74.

Other Services4.2%

Estimate 4,340 ± 675; unweighted sample 183.

Professional Administrative14.6%

Estimate 14,897 ± 1,195; unweighted sample 646.

Public Administration7.1%

Estimate 7,271 ± 863; unweighted sample 312.

Retail Trade9.1%

Estimate 9,302 ± 1,026; unweighted sample 361.

Transportation Utilities6.0%

Estimate 6,180 ± 796; unweighted sample 248.

Wholesale Trade1.6%

Estimate 1,606 ± 409; unweighted sample 73.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Personal income

100000 Or More14.4%

Estimate 21,357 ± 1,446; unweighted sample 1015.

1 To 2499927.1%

Estimate 40,034 ± 2,486; unweighted sample 1815.

25000 To 4999923.6%

Estimate 34,849 ± 2,242; unweighted sample 1463.

50000 To 9999923.9%

Estimate 35,303 ± 1,677; unweighted sample 1526.

Zero Or Negative11.0%

Estimate 16,298 ± 1,712; unweighted sample 728.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent15.1%

Estimate 22,822 ± 1,880; unweighted sample 853.

200 To 399 Percent29.9%

Estimate 45,240 ± 3,103; unweighted sample 1788.

400 Percent Or More44.3%

Estimate 66,949 ± 2,753; unweighted sample 3169.

Below 100 Percent10.6%

Estimate 16,075 ± 1,736; unweighted sample 693.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered92.6%

Estimate 142,427 ± 4,411; unweighted sample 6299.

Not Covered7.4%

Estimate 11,363 ± 1,307; unweighted sample 456.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability16.6%

Estimate 25,505 ± 1,798; unweighted sample 1210.

Without Disability83.4%

Estimate 128,285 ± 4,520; unweighted sample 5545.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent1.0%

Estimate 1,226 ± 311; unweighted sample 61.

Owned Free And Clear20.9%

Estimate 26,223 ± 1,621; unweighted sample 1429.

Owned With Mortgage44.7%

Estimate 56,164 ± 2,166; unweighted sample 2534.

Rented33.5%

Estimate 42,041 ± 2,243; unweighted sample 1500.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent23.8%

Estimate 9,789 ± 1,106; unweighted sample 371.

50 Percent Or More24.2%

Estimate 9,953 ± 1,081; unweighted sample 360.

Under 30 Percent52.1%

Estimate 21,445 ± 1,719; unweighted sample 745.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence44.4%

Estimate 55,747 ± 2,555; unweighted sample 2656.

Mid Term Residence37.5%

Estimate 47,165 ± 2,241; unweighted sample 1971.

Recent Move18.1%

Estimate 22,742 ± 1,438; unweighted sample 897.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us1.4%

Estimate 2,184 ± 567; unweighted sample 115.

Different House In Us9.9%

Estimate 15,149 ± 1,420; unweighted sample 622.

Same House88.7%

Estimate 136,330 ± 4,630; unweighted sample 6012.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

Florida/FL — 32,358
New York/NY — 17,942
Texas/TX — 13,994
California/CA — 12,352
Georgia/GA — 8,111
Virginia/VA — 7,959
North Carolina/NC — 5,092
Maryland/MD — 4,789
New Jersey/NJ — 4,248
Pennsylvania/PA — 3,458

Highest location quotient

Florida/FL — 3.14
Virginia/VA — 1.99
New York/NY — 1.97
Maryland/MD — 1.68
Georgia/GA — 1.61
Nevada/NV — 1.24
North Carolina/NC — 1.03
South Carolina/SC — 1.03
Texas/TX — 1.01
New Jersey/NJ — 0.99

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

California/CA — 90.4%
New Mexico/NM — 89.7%
Florida/FL — 88.6%
Arizona/AZ — 88.6%
Montana/MT — 88.4%
Texas/TX — 87.8%
Nevada/NV — 87.8%
Vermont/VT — 87.7%
New Jersey/NJ — 87.6%
New York/NY — 87.6%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Panama community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Spain community

91.4% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 91.4% · without: 91.0% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Age and household, Housing and mobility, Education, work, and income

Largest differences: Migration, nativity, and generation, Population and settlement, Language

View dimension scores

Age and household: 94.3%
Education, work, and income: 93.1%
Housing and mobility: 93.4%
Language: 91.5%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 85.1%
Population and settlement: 90.8%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 92.9%
Population scale: 98.5%
Settlement concentration: 96.8%
State footprint: 77.0%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–Austria community

88.1% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 88.1% · without: 88.1% · rank change: 13.

Strongest similarities: Migration, nativity, and generation, Age and household, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Education, work, and income, Housing and mobility

View dimension scores

Age and household: 91.9%
Education, work, and income: 91.3%
Housing and mobility: 91.4%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 92.8%
Population and settlement: 80.4%
Population scale: 82.8%
Settlement concentration: 95.2%
State footprint: 63.3%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–Malaysia community

87.6% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 87.6% · without: 87.6% · rank change: 16.

Strongest similarities: Housing and mobility, Age and household, Education, work, and income

Largest differences: Migration, nativity, and generation, Population and settlement, Language

View dimension scores

Age and household: 92.4%
Education, work, and income: 92.3%
Housing and mobility: 94.9%
Language: 89.2%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 82.0%
Population and settlement: 83.1%
Population scale: 91.8%
Settlement concentration: 97.3%
State footprint: 60.2%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Montenegro community — 61.4% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Afghanistan community — 67.3% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Iceland community — 67.5% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 23
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality