U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Laos community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population172,638Margin of error ± 5,309

Foreign-born estimate168,675Margin of error ± 5,145

Unweighted sample7,534Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNaturalized Us Citizen 81.8% · Not Us Citizen 15.9%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesCalifornia, Minnesota, WisconsinPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

California/CA

47,378 · 27.4%

Minnesota/MN

23,949 · 13.9%

Wisconsin/WI

12,467 · 7.2%

Texas/TX

10,099 · 5.8%

North Carolina/NC

6,121 · 3.5%

Washington/WA

5,199 · 3.0%

Georgia/GA

4,517 · 2.6%

Florida/FL

4,175 · 2.4%

Tennessee/TN

3,746 · 2.2%

Massachusetts/MA

3,431 · 2.0%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
California/CA	47,378	27.4%	2.339546	high
Minnesota/MN	23,949	13.9%	8.09516	high
Wisconsin/WI	12,467	7.2%	4.08907	moderate
Texas/TX	10,099	5.8%	0.649002	moderate
North Carolina/NC	6,121	3.5%	1.10666	moderate
Washington/WA	5,199	3.0%	1.290437	moderate
Georgia/GA	4,517	2.6%	0.800985	moderate
Florida/FL	4,175	2.4%	0.361331	moderate
Tennessee/TN	3,746	2.2%	1.028439	limited
Massachusetts/MA	3,431	2.0%	0.944944	limited

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 3; public estimate withheld.

Asian Alone97.8%

Estimate 168,794 ± 5,199; unweighted sample 7368.

Black AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 3; public estimate withheld.

Nhpi AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 5; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 14; public estimate withheld.

Two Or More Races1.3%

Estimate 2,308 ± 472; unweighted sample 116.

White AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 25; public estimate withheld.

Other Or Suppressed0.9%

Estimate 1,536 ± Not enough reliable data; unweighted sample 50.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino0.5%

Estimate 812 ± 384; unweighted sample 30.

Not Hispanic Or Latino99.5%

Estimate 171,826 ± 5,274; unweighted sample 7504.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 345.2%

Estimate 8,914 ± 1,264; unweighted sample 339.

35 To 4929.7%

Estimate 51,302 ± 2,217; unweighted sample 2128.

50 To 6441.5%

Estimate 71,631 ± 3,047; unweighted sample 3251.

65 And Over21.8%

Estimate 37,673 ± 2,065; unweighted sample 1684.

Under 181.8%

Estimate 3,118 ± 863; unweighted sample 132.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female51.0%

Estimate 87,966 ± 3,260; unweighted sample 3905.

Male49.0%

Estimate 84,672 ± 3,256; unweighted sample 3629.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent2.3%

Estimate 3,963 ± 865; unweighted sample 172.

Naturalized Us Citizen81.8%

Estimate 141,286 ± 4,403; unweighted sample 6183.

Not Us Citizen15.9%

Estimate 27,389 ± 2,279; unweighted sample 1179.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 20197.2%

Estimate 12,505 ± 1,653; unweighted sample 486.

2020 Or Later1.3%

Estimate 2,282 ± 460; unweighted sample 96.

Before 201091.4%

Estimate 157,851 ± 4,502; unweighted sample 6952.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3438.6%

Estimate 66,646 ± 3,421; unweighted sample 2951.

35 To 499.5%

Estimate 16,449 ± 1,288; unweighted sample 656.

50 And Over2.7%

Estimate 4,712 ± 690; unweighted sample 205.

Under 1849.1%

Estimate 84,831 ± 3,151; unweighted sample 3722.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only10.5%

Estimate 17,980 ± 1,514; unweighted sample 791.

Not At All7.1%

Estimate 12,243 ± 1,154; unweighted sample 490.

Not Well26.5%

Estimate 45,514 ± 2,576; unweighted sample 2011.

Very Well27.9%

Estimate 47,842 ± 2,174; unweighted sample 1990.

Well28.0%

Estimate 47,940 ± 2,174; unweighted sample 2208.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People31.6%

Estimate 33,869 ± 1,810; unweighted sample 1404.

One Person9.8%

Estimate 10,478 ± 1,023; unweighted sample 389.

Three Or Four People37.5%

Estimate 40,181 ± 1,793; unweighted sample 1780.

Two People21.1%

Estimate 22,651 ± 1,447; unweighted sample 1033.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household85.8%

Estimate 91,916 ± 3,102; unweighted sample 4023.

Nonfamily Household14.2%

Estimate 15,263 ± 1,275; unweighted sample 583.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational16.0%

Estimate 17,163 ± 1,432; unweighted sample 713.

Not Multigenerational84.0%

Estimate 90,016 ± 3,080; unweighted sample 3893.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present37.4%

Estimate 40,044 ± 2,202; unweighted sample 1622.

No Children Present62.6%

Estimate 67,135 ± 2,595; unweighted sample 2984.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors11.9%

Estimate 19,947 ± 1,718; unweighted sample 863.

Graduate Or Professional4.3%

Estimate 7,132 ± 968; unweighted sample 307.

High School Or Equivalent27.7%

Estimate 46,410 ± 2,377; unweighted sample 1913.

Less Than High School35.0%

Estimate 58,674 ± 2,763; unweighted sample 2667.

Some College Or Associate21.1%

Estimate 35,391 ± 2,000; unweighted sample 1568.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed ForcesSuppressed

Unweighted sample 10; public estimate withheld.

Employed58.1%

Estimate 98,680 ± 3,478; unweighted sample 4197.

Not In Labor Force39.7%

Estimate 67,460 ± 2,679; unweighted sample 3046.

Unemployed2.1%

Estimate 3,626 ± 671; unweighted sample 164.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts26.8%

Estimate 31,764 ± 1,698; unweighted sample 1373.

Military SpecificSuppressed

Unweighted sample 6; public estimate withheld.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance6.1%

Estimate 7,275 ± 962; unweighted sample 322.

Production Transportation Material Moving35.9%

Estimate 42,541 ± 2,289; unweighted sample 1742.

Sales And Office13.8%

Estimate 16,307 ± 1,222; unweighted sample 738.

Service17.2%

Estimate 20,428 ± 1,318; unweighted sample 915.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining1.6%

Estimate 1,890 ± 463; unweighted sample 88.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality9.0%

Estimate 10,573 ± 945; unweighted sample 485.

Construction3.0%

Estimate 3,540 ± 696; unweighted sample 155.

Education Health Social Services15.9%

Estimate 18,667 ± 1,637; unweighted sample 789.

Finance Insurance Real Estate4.7%

Estimate 5,581 ± 738; unweighted sample 224.

Information1.0%

Estimate 1,134 ± 367; unweighted sample 48.

Manufacturing34.9%

Estimate 41,027 ± 1,972; unweighted sample 1722.

MilitarySuppressed

Unweighted sample 12; public estimate withheld.

Other Services5.8%

Estimate 6,828 ± 830; unweighted sample 279.

Professional Administrative6.6%

Estimate 7,736 ± 990; unweighted sample 362.

Public Administration3.7%

Estimate 4,400 ± 740; unweighted sample 197.

Retail Trade7.5%

Estimate 8,838 ± 1,084; unweighted sample 366.

Transportation Utilities4.2%

Estimate 4,906 ± 742; unweighted sample 221.

Wholesale Trade1.9%

Estimate 2,182 ± 420; unweighted sample 104.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Personal income

100000 Or More8.7%

Estimate 14,825 ± 1,469; unweighted sample 659.

1 To 2499932.4%

Estimate 55,065 ± 2,522; unweighted sample 2468.

25000 To 4999923.1%

Estimate 39,364 ± 2,306; unweighted sample 1693.

50000 To 9999923.9%

Estimate 40,700 ± 1,663; unweighted sample 1661.

Zero Or Negative11.8%

Estimate 20,110 ± 1,322; unweighted sample 947.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent15.5%

Estimate 26,589 ± 2,098; unweighted sample 1120.

200 To 399 Percent37.5%

Estimate 64,439 ± 3,556; unweighted sample 2680.

400 Percent Or More36.4%

Estimate 62,622 ± 2,956; unweighted sample 2787.

Below 100 Percent10.6%

Estimate 18,244 ± 1,345; unweighted sample 860.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered92.8%

Estimate 160,221 ± 5,143; unweighted sample 7010.

Not Covered7.2%

Estimate 12,417 ± 1,287; unweighted sample 524.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability18.3%

Estimate 31,591 ± 1,911; unweighted sample 1403.

Without Disability81.7%

Estimate 141,047 ± 5,028; unweighted sample 6131.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent1.3%

Estimate 1,388 ± 394; unweighted sample 66.

Owned Free And Clear26.1%

Estimate 27,932 ± 1,655; unweighted sample 1312.

Owned With Mortgage46.6%

Estimate 49,995 ± 2,433; unweighted sample 2130.

Rented26.0%

Estimate 27,864 ± 1,819; unweighted sample 1098.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent22.8%

Estimate 6,274 ± 889; unweighted sample 238.

50 Percent Or More23.0%

Estimate 6,328 ± 804; unweighted sample 264.

Under 30 Percent54.1%

Estimate 14,870 ± 1,419; unweighted sample 576.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence47.4%

Estimate 50,825 ± 2,155; unweighted sample 2341.

Mid Term Residence39.3%

Estimate 42,101 ± 2,201; unweighted sample 1712.

Recent Move13.3%

Estimate 14,253 ± 1,336; unweighted sample 553.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us0.3%

Estimate 597 ± 236; unweighted sample 31.

Different House In Us6.2%

Estimate 10,688 ± 1,088; unweighted sample 479.

Same House93.5%

Estimate 161,058 ± 5,105; unweighted sample 7014.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

California/CA — 47,378
Minnesota/MN — 23,949
Wisconsin/WI — 12,467
Texas/TX — 10,099
North Carolina/NC — 6,121
Washington/WA — 5,199
Georgia/GA — 4,517
Florida/FL — 4,175
Tennessee/TN — 3,746
Massachusetts/MA — 3,431

Highest location quotient

Minnesota/MN — 8.10
Wisconsin/WI — 4.09
Rhode Island/RI — 3.90
Alaska/AK — 3.02
California/CA — 2.34
Kansas/KS — 1.77
Arkansas/AR — 1.71
Hawaii/HI — 1.69
Iowa/IA — 1.54
Oklahoma/OK — 1.52

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

Vermont/VT — 91.1%
Rhode Island/RI — 83.2%
New Hampshire/NH — 82.4%
Montana/MT — 82.0%
North Dakota/ND — 80.9%
Hawaii/HI — 79.1%
District of Columbia/DC — 78.4%
Maine/ME — 77.2%
West Virginia/WV — 77.0%
Kentucky/KY — 76.8%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Laos community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Cambodia community

93.5% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 93.5% · without: 92.8% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Education, work, and income, Age and household, Language

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable)

View dimension scores

Age and household: 97.9%
Education, work, and income: 98.5%
Housing and mobility: 96.5%
Language: 96.6%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 94.6%
Population and settlement: 84.0%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 96.3%
Population scale: 99.1%
Settlement concentration: 93.4%
State footprint: 59.6%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–Vietnam community

89.6% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 89.6% · without: 88.3% · rank change: 1.

Strongest similarities: Language, Education, work, and income, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable)

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Housing and mobility

View dimension scores

Age and household: 94.7%
Education, work, and income: 95.7%
Housing and mobility: 94.2%
Language: 97.6%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 92.5%
Population and settlement: 74.4%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 95.2%
Population scale: 69.6%
Settlement concentration: 92.7%
State footprint: 60.9%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–Thailand community

89.1% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 89.1% · without: 88.6% · rank change: -1.

Strongest similarities: Housing and mobility, Age and household, Education, work, and income

Largest differences: Language, Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation

View dimension scores

Age and household: 91.7%
Education, work, and income: 91.6%
Housing and mobility: 93.5%
Language: 77.3%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 88.6%
Population and settlement: 85.8%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 91.1%
Population scale: 92.6%
Settlement concentration: 93.1%
State footprint: 71.6%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Rwanda community — 55.6% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Marshall Islands community — 59.3% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Finland community — 61.3% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 21
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality