U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Vietnam community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population1,411,773Margin of error ± 15,693

Foreign-born estimate1,366,677Margin of error ± 15,437

Unweighted sample69,930Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNaturalized Us Citizen 76.2% · Not Us Citizen 20.6%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesCalifornia, Texas, WashingtonPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

California/CA

530,238 · 37.6%

Texas/TX

199,606 · 14.1%

Washington/WA

67,298 · 4.8%

Florida/FL

64,954 · 4.6%

Georgia/GA

47,570 · 3.4%

Virginia/VA

46,054 · 3.3%

Massachusetts/MA

39,618 · 2.8%

Pennsylvania/PA

35,176 · 2.5%

North Carolina/NC

26,819 · 1.9%

New York/NY

24,203 · 1.7%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
California/CA	530,238	37.6%	3.201823	high
Texas/TX	199,606	14.1%	1.568601	high
Washington/WA	67,298	4.8%	2.042634	high
Florida/FL	64,954	4.6%	0.687426	high
Georgia/GA	47,570	3.4%	1.031524	high
Virginia/VA	46,054	3.3%	1.255075	high
Massachusetts/MA	39,618	2.8%	1.334287	high
Pennsylvania/PA	35,176	2.5%	0.641003	high
North Carolina/NC	26,819	1.9%	0.592933	high
New York/NY	24,203	1.7%	0.289225	high

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 6; public estimate withheld.

Asian Alone97.5%

Estimate 1,376,846 ± 15,218; unweighted sample 68207.

Black Alone0.1%

Estimate 1,366 ± 348; unweighted sample 76.

Nhpi AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 24; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race Alone0.2%

Estimate 2,482 ± 663; unweighted sample 117.

Two Or More Races1.5%

Estimate 21,371 ± 1,543; unweighted sample 1008.

White Alone0.7%

Estimate 9,398 ± 1,443; unweighted sample 492.

Other Or Suppressed0.0%

Estimate 310 ± Not enough reliable data; unweighted sample 30.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino0.4%

Estimate 5,909 ± 974; unweighted sample 283.

Not Hispanic Or Latino99.6%

Estimate 1,405,864 ± 15,818; unweighted sample 69647.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3414.6%

Estimate 206,350 ± 5,250; unweighted sample 9600.

35 To 4925.1%

Estimate 354,374 ± 6,086; unweighted sample 16431.

50 To 6433.1%

Estimate 467,141 ± 7,624; unweighted sample 24397.

65 And Over22.8%

Estimate 321,656 ± 6,436; unweighted sample 16814.

Under 184.4%

Estimate 62,252 ± 2,800; unweighted sample 2688.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female53.7%

Estimate 758,166 ± 9,669; unweighted sample 38038.

Male46.3%

Estimate 653,607 ± 8,273; unweighted sample 31892.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent3.2%

Estimate 45,096 ± 2,573; unweighted sample 2076.

Naturalized Us Citizen76.2%

Estimate 1,075,884 ± 11,332; unweighted sample 54730.

Not Us Citizen20.6%

Estimate 290,793 ± 7,600; unweighted sample 13124.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201920.1%

Estimate 284,152 ± 7,056; unweighted sample 12960.

2020 Or Later3.8%

Estimate 53,471 ± 3,117; unweighted sample 2445.

Before 201076.1%

Estimate 1,074,150 ± 12,155; unweighted sample 54525.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3438.1%

Estimate 538,406 ± 7,406; unweighted sample 27266.

35 To 4915.2%

Estimate 214,224 ± 5,368; unweighted sample 10673.

50 And Over6.7%

Estimate 95,194 ± 3,695; unweighted sample 4354.

Under 1839.9%

Estimate 563,949 ± 7,522; unweighted sample 27637.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only10.1%

Estimate 142,508 ± 3,734; unweighted sample 7048.

Not At All8.0%

Estimate 112,771 ± 4,202; unweighted sample 5145.

Not Well27.8%

Estimate 390,706 ± 6,739; unweighted sample 19332.

Very Well25.9%

Estimate 363,941 ± 5,604; unweighted sample 17732.

Well28.1%

Estimate 395,279 ± 6,051; unweighted sample 20409.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People18.7%

Estimate 134,524 ± 2,976; unweighted sample 6514.

One Person12.3%

Estimate 88,639 ± 2,940; unweighted sample 3889.

Three Or Four People42.0%

Estimate 302,526 ± 6,164; unweighted sample 15196.

Two People27.0%

Estimate 194,800 ± 4,657; unweighted sample 9855.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household81.9%

Estimate 589,789 ± 6,986; unweighted sample 29652.

Nonfamily Household18.1%

Estimate 130,700 ± 3,369; unweighted sample 5802.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational9.9%

Estimate 70,975 ± 2,591; unweighted sample 3451.

Not Multigenerational90.1%

Estimate 649,514 ± 7,037; unweighted sample 32003.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present33.4%

Estimate 240,381 ± 4,963; unweighted sample 11259.

No Children Present66.6%

Estimate 480,108 ± 6,714; unweighted sample 24195.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors19.7%

Estimate 253,553 ± 4,858; unweighted sample 12964.

Graduate Or Professional9.1%

Estimate 117,189 ± 3,351; unweighted sample 6057.

High School Or Equivalent21.8%

Estimate 280,555 ± 6,457; unweighted sample 13183.

Less Than High School28.9%

Estimate 371,507 ± 7,306; unweighted sample 18201.

Some College Or Associate20.4%

Estimate 262,866 ± 5,533; unweighted sample 13565.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed Forces0.2%

Estimate 2,227 ± 488; unweighted sample 98.

Employed61.7%

Estimate 842,029 ± 10,793; unweighted sample 40919.

Not In Labor Force35.5%

Estimate 484,200 ± 8,806; unweighted sample 25162.

Unemployed2.6%

Estimate 35,384 ± 1,886; unweighted sample 1733.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts33.8%

Estimate 341,142 ± 5,265; unweighted sample 17592.

Military Specific0.1%

Estimate 1,341 ± 426; unweighted sample 55.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance4.8%

Estimate 48,114 ± 2,061; unweighted sample 2223.

Production Transportation Material Moving17.0%

Estimate 171,400 ± 4,493; unweighted sample 8272.

Sales And Office13.7%

Estimate 138,253 ± 3,504; unweighted sample 7018.

Service30.6%

Estimate 309,363 ± 6,924; unweighted sample 14468.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining0.6%

Estimate 5,613 ± 703; unweighted sample 279.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality8.9%

Estimate 89,068 ± 3,334; unweighted sample 4290.

Construction2.5%

Estimate 24,839 ± 1,615; unweighted sample 1135.

Education Health Social Services15.6%

Estimate 156,419 ± 4,219; unweighted sample 8156.

Finance Insurance Real Estate4.7%

Estimate 47,255 ± 2,187; unweighted sample 2365.

Information1.2%

Estimate 12,479 ± 976; unweighted sample 645.

Manufacturing18.4%

Estimate 183,733 ± 4,415; unweighted sample 9061.

Military0.2%

Estimate 2,454 ± 493; unweighted sample 112.

Other Services21.8%

Estimate 217,895 ± 5,430; unweighted sample 9888.

Professional Administrative9.0%

Estimate 90,238 ± 2,617; unweighted sample 4509.

Public Administration3.4%

Estimate 34,084 ± 1,846; unweighted sample 1886.

Retail Trade8.2%

Estimate 82,013 ± 2,397; unweighted sample 4036.

Transportation Utilities3.6%

Estimate 35,981 ± 1,643; unweighted sample 1842.

Wholesale Trade1.8%

Estimate 18,330 ± 1,334; unweighted sample 940.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Personal income

100000 Or More13.3%

Estimate 182,491 ± 4,094; unweighted sample 9419.

1 To 2499933.9%

Estimate 463,625 ± 7,420; unweighted sample 23359.

25000 To 4999921.2%

Estimate 290,704 ± 6,238; unweighted sample 13770.

50000 To 9999918.3%

Estimate 250,831 ± 5,205; unweighted sample 12339.

Zero Or Negative13.3%

Estimate 181,761 ± 5,227; unweighted sample 9278.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent17.8%

Estimate 249,557 ± 7,814; unweighted sample 11588.

200 To 399 Percent30.6%

Estimate 428,424 ± 7,976; unweighted sample 20455.

400 Percent Or More39.5%

Estimate 552,435 ± 9,543; unweighted sample 28469.

Below 100 Percent12.0%

Estimate 167,754 ± 5,341; unweighted sample 8063.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered93.3%

Estimate 1,316,752 ± 14,804; unweighted sample 65723.

Not Covered6.7%

Estimate 95,021 ± 3,693; unweighted sample 4207.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability12.8%

Estimate 181,226 ± 4,195; unweighted sample 9375.

Without Disability87.2%

Estimate 1,230,547 ± 14,271; unweighted sample 60555.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent2.1%

Estimate 15,082 ± 1,201; unweighted sample 707.

Owned Free And Clear32.3%

Estimate 232,671 ± 4,298; unweighted sample 12496.

Owned With Mortgage41.2%

Estimate 296,887 ± 4,981; unweighted sample 14717.

Rented24.4%

Estimate 175,849 ± 3,737; unweighted sample 7534.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent24.6%

Estimate 42,323 ± 2,075; unweighted sample 1761.

50 Percent Or More30.4%

Estimate 52,292 ± 2,259; unweighted sample 2315.

Under 30 Percent45.0%

Estimate 77,461 ± 2,885; unweighted sample 3305.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence45.2%

Estimate 325,980 ± 5,016; unweighted sample 17465.

Mid Term Residence38.3%

Estimate 276,069 ± 5,072; unweighted sample 12785.

Recent Move16.4%

Estimate 118,440 ± 3,519; unweighted sample 5204.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us1.4%

Estimate 19,945 ± 1,745; unweighted sample 893.

Different House In Us7.6%

Estimate 107,928 ± 4,249; unweighted sample 5343.

Same House90.9%

Estimate 1,283,118 ± 15,480; unweighted sample 63655.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

California/CA — 530,238
Texas/TX — 199,606
Washington/WA — 67,298
Florida/FL — 64,954
Georgia/GA — 47,570
Virginia/VA — 46,054
Massachusetts/MA — 39,618
Pennsylvania/PA — 35,176
North Carolina/NC — 26,819
New York/NY — 24,203

Highest location quotient

California/CA — 3.20
Washington/WA — 2.04
Hawaii/HI — 1.70
Texas/TX — 1.57
Massachusetts/MA — 1.33
Virginia/VA — 1.26
Oregon/OR — 1.21
Georgia/GA — 1.03
Nevada/NV — 0.96
Louisiana/LA — 0.93

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

Vermont/VT — 93.4%
Rhode Island/RI — 85.9%
New Hampshire/NH — 85.4%
Montana/MT — 84.7%
North Dakota/ND — 84.0%
District of Columbia/DC — 81.8%
Hawaii/HI — 81.6%
New York/NY — 80.3%
California/CA — 80.2%
Ohio/OH — 80.2%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Vietnam community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Cambodia community

92.1% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 92.1% · without: 91.0% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Migration, nativity, and generation, Housing and mobility, Language

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Age and household, Education, work, and income

View dimension scores

Age and household: 96.1%
Education, work, and income: 96.1%
Housing and mobility: 96.9%
Language: 96.6%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 97.8%
Population and settlement: 78.3%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 96.6%
Population scale: 68.7%
Settlement concentration: 98.0%
State footprint: 68.2%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–China community

90.9% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 90.9% · without: 89.0% · rank change: 1.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Age and household, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Education, work, and income

View dimension scores

Age and household: 94.8%
Education, work, and income: 89.7%
Housing and mobility: 92.0%
Language: 90.4%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 87.1%
Population and settlement: 86.0%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 98.2%
Population scale: 92.9%
Settlement concentration: 97.3%
State footprint: 67.9%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–Iran community

90.8% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 90.8% · without: 88.6% · rank change: 1.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Migration, nativity, and generation, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Language, Population and settlement, Education, work, and income

View dimension scores

Age and household: 91.1%
Education, work, and income: 90.6%
Housing and mobility: 92.3%
Language: 72.9%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 96.3%
Population and settlement: 83.5%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 99.5%
Population scale: 82.7%
Settlement concentration: 90.8%
State footprint: 76.8%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Rwanda community — 52.2% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Marshall Islands community — 55.8% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Micronesia community — 58.7% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 24
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality