U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Jamaica community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population873,228Margin of error ± 13,440

Foreign-born estimate828,227Margin of error ± 13,133

Unweighted sample30,792Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNaturalized Us Citizen 67.0% · Not Us Citizen 27.8%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesFlorida, New York, GeorgiaPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

Florida/FL

245,426 · 28.1%

New York/NY

239,762 · 27.5%

Georgia/GA

57,613 · 6.6%

New Jersey/NJ

55,800 · 6.4%

Connecticut/CT

48,759 · 5.6%

Maryland/MD

31,057 · 3.6%

Pennsylvania/PA

27,308 · 3.1%

Texas/TX

21,560 · 2.5%

Massachusetts/MA

21,126 · 2.4%

California/CA

18,132 · 2.1%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
Florida/FL	245,426	28.1%	4.199307	high
New York/NY	239,762	27.5%	4.632173	high
Georgia/GA	57,613	6.6%	2.019778	high
New Jersey/NJ	55,800	6.4%	2.290482	high
Connecticut/CT	48,759	5.6%	5.159676	high
Maryland/MD	31,057	3.6%	1.919392	high
Pennsylvania/PA	27,308	3.1%	0.804528	high
Texas/TX	21,560	2.5%	0.273921	high
Massachusetts/MA	21,126	2.4%	1.1503	high
California/CA	18,132	2.1%	0.177015	high

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 5; public estimate withheld.

Asian Alone0.7%

Estimate 5,676 ± 826; unweighted sample 328.

Black Alone93.4%

Estimate 815,985 ± 13,062; unweighted sample 28505.

Nhpi AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 18; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race Alone0.9%

Estimate 7,490 ± 1,230; unweighted sample 271.

Two Or More Races4.0%

Estimate 35,329 ± 2,509; unweighted sample 1339.

White Alone0.9%

Estimate 8,233 ± 1,555; unweighted sample 326.

Other Or Suppressed0.1%

Estimate 515 ± Not enough reliable data; unweighted sample 23.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino0.8%

Estimate 7,375 ± 1,182; unweighted sample 306.

Not Hispanic Or Latino99.2%

Estimate 865,853 ± 13,378; unweighted sample 30486.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3418.6%

Estimate 162,800 ± 5,186; unweighted sample 4799.

35 To 4926.2%

Estimate 228,379 ± 6,803; unweighted sample 6971.

50 To 6428.2%

Estimate 246,580 ± 4,881; unweighted sample 9260.

65 And Over21.1%

Estimate 184,501 ± 4,957; unweighted sample 8316.

Under 185.8%

Estimate 50,968 ± 4,159; unweighted sample 1446.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female55.8%

Estimate 486,896 ± 8,303; unweighted sample 17571.

Male44.2%

Estimate 386,332 ± 8,037; unweighted sample 13221.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent5.2%

Estimate 45,001 ± 3,434; unweighted sample 1508.

Naturalized Us Citizen67.0%

Estimate 585,346 ± 10,186; unweighted sample 21330.

Not Us Citizen27.8%

Estimate 242,881 ± 7,332; unweighted sample 7954.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201923.5%

Estimate 204,837 ± 6,216; unweighted sample 6346.

2020 Or Later5.7%

Estimate 49,936 ± 3,896; unweighted sample 1600.

Before 201070.8%

Estimate 618,455 ± 10,465; unweighted sample 22846.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3439.2%

Estimate 342,021 ± 7,447; unweighted sample 12285.

35 To 4914.5%

Estimate 126,405 ± 4,504; unweighted sample 4863.

50 And Over4.4%

Estimate 38,620 ± 2,361; unweighted sample 1630.

Under 1841.9%

Estimate 366,182 ± 8,412; unweighted sample 12014.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only90.1%

Estimate 780,556 ± 12,584; unweighted sample 27643.

Not At All0.1%

Estimate 981 ± 361; unweighted sample 46.

Not Well0.5%

Estimate 4,232 ± 751; unweighted sample 157.

Very Well8.0%

Estimate 69,060 ± 4,222; unweighted sample 2362.

Well1.4%

Estimate 11,960 ± 1,231; unweighted sample 410.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People13.7%

Estimate 73,327 ± 3,072; unweighted sample 2548.

One Person21.7%

Estimate 116,285 ± 4,424; unweighted sample 3834.

Three Or Four People35.9%

Estimate 192,530 ± 4,962; unweighted sample 6680.

Two People28.8%

Estimate 154,769 ± 5,072; unweighted sample 5775.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household72.5%

Estimate 389,221 ± 6,976; unweighted sample 13941.

Nonfamily Household27.5%

Estimate 147,690 ± 4,672; unweighted sample 4896.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational9.3%

Estimate 49,955 ± 2,746; unweighted sample 1763.

Not Multigenerational90.7%

Estimate 486,956 ± 8,097; unweighted sample 17074.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present29.4%

Estimate 157,747 ± 5,102; unweighted sample 4792.

No Children Present70.6%

Estimate 379,164 ± 6,493; unweighted sample 14045.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors16.5%

Estimate 127,816 ± 3,709; unweighted sample 4554.

Graduate Or Professional11.7%

Estimate 90,342 ± 3,633; unweighted sample 3503.

High School Or Equivalent31.1%

Estimate 240,288 ± 7,006; unweighted sample 8162.

Less Than High School13.1%

Estimate 101,262 ± 3,293; unweighted sample 4088.

Some College Or Associate27.7%

Estimate 214,142 ± 5,951; unweighted sample 7333.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed Forces0.8%

Estimate 6,978 ± 1,320; unweighted sample 276.

Employed65.7%

Estimate 547,111 ± 9,040; unweighted sample 17898.

Not In Labor Force29.3%

Estimate 244,309 ± 5,921; unweighted sample 10352.

Unemployed4.1%

Estimate 34,478 ± 2,266; unweighted sample 1134.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts35.0%

Estimate 230,913 ± 6,248; unweighted sample 8205.

Military Specific0.4%

Estimate 2,807 ± 599; unweighted sample 117.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance7.9%

Estimate 52,132 ± 2,557; unweighted sample 1679.

Production Transportation Material Moving12.4%

Estimate 81,926 ± 2,952; unweighted sample 2621.

Sales And Office17.1%

Estimate 112,844 ± 3,727; unweighted sample 3806.

Service27.1%

Estimate 179,022 ± 5,481; unweighted sample 5817.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining0.4%

Estimate 2,844 ± 470; unweighted sample 159.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality7.3%

Estimate 47,667 ± 2,583; unweighted sample 1540.

Construction5.0%

Estimate 32,769 ± 2,273; unweighted sample 1043.

Education Health Social Services36.4%

Estimate 237,451 ± 5,716; unweighted sample 8126.

Finance Insurance Real Estate6.1%

Estimate 39,644 ± 2,377; unweighted sample 1332.

Information1.4%

Estimate 9,356 ± 1,099; unweighted sample 308.

Manufacturing4.2%

Estimate 27,289 ± 1,776; unweighted sample 943.

Military1.1%

Estimate 7,502 ± 1,330; unweighted sample 298.

Other Services4.6%

Estimate 29,741 ± 2,190; unweighted sample 1031.

Professional Administrative9.6%

Estimate 62,776 ± 3,030; unweighted sample 2180.

Public Administration5.1%

Estimate 33,570 ± 2,218; unweighted sample 1190.

Retail Trade9.0%

Estimate 58,901 ± 2,687; unweighted sample 1885.

Transportation Utilities8.3%

Estimate 54,173 ± 2,906; unweighted sample 1699.

Wholesale Trade1.4%

Estimate 9,094 ± 1,374; unweighted sample 279.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Personal income

100000 Or More11.6%

Estimate 97,065 ± 3,374; unweighted sample 3606.

1 To 2499926.4%

Estimate 220,974 ± 6,096; unweighted sample 8473.

25000 To 4999926.1%

Estimate 218,743 ± 6,039; unweighted sample 7277.

50000 To 9999925.6%

Estimate 214,585 ± 5,814; unweighted sample 7134.

Zero Or Negative10.2%

Estimate 85,759 ± 3,572; unweighted sample 3318.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent15.9%

Estimate 137,016 ± 5,189; unweighted sample 4419.

200 To 399 Percent33.6%

Estimate 289,009 ± 9,572; unweighted sample 9457.

400 Percent Or More39.2%

Estimate 337,298 ± 7,905; unweighted sample 12238.

Below 100 Percent11.2%

Estimate 96,629 ± 5,025; unweighted sample 3381.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered88.4%

Estimate 772,162 ± 12,442; unweighted sample 27661.

Not Covered11.6%

Estimate 101,066 ± 4,881; unweighted sample 3131.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability12.5%

Estimate 109,197 ± 3,899; unweighted sample 4600.

Without Disability87.5%

Estimate 764,031 ± 12,241; unweighted sample 26192.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent0.9%

Estimate 4,672 ± 719; unweighted sample 187.

Owned Free And Clear14.2%

Estimate 76,096 ± 2,863; unweighted sample 3369.

Owned With Mortgage43.9%

Estimate 235,542 ± 4,807; unweighted sample 8856.

Rented41.1%

Estimate 220,601 ± 6,341; unweighted sample 6425.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent27.8%

Estimate 60,039 ± 3,197; unweighted sample 1627.

50 Percent Or More27.7%

Estimate 59,863 ± 2,659; unweighted sample 1758.

Under 30 Percent44.6%

Estimate 96,371 ± 3,480; unweighted sample 2924.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence40.2%

Estimate 216,081 ± 5,448; unweighted sample 8514.

Mid Term Residence40.9%

Estimate 219,538 ± 5,040; unweighted sample 7141.

Recent Move18.9%

Estimate 101,292 ± 3,938; unweighted sample 3182.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us1.6%

Estimate 14,224 ± 1,429; unweighted sample 542.

Different House In Us9.9%

Estimate 86,543 ± 4,445; unweighted sample 3061.

Same House88.4%

Estimate 771,332 ± 12,340; unweighted sample 27155.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

Florida/FL — 245,426
New York/NY — 239,762
Georgia/GA — 57,613
New Jersey/NJ — 55,800
Connecticut/CT — 48,759
Maryland/MD — 31,057
Pennsylvania/PA — 27,308
Texas/TX — 21,560
Massachusetts/MA — 21,126
California/CA — 18,132

Highest location quotient

Connecticut/CT — 5.16
New York/NY — 4.63
Florida/FL — 4.20
New Jersey/NJ — 2.29
Georgia/GA — 2.02
Maryland/MD — 1.92
Delaware/DE — 1.59
District of Columbia/DC — 1.50
Massachusetts/MA — 1.15
Pennsylvania/PA — 0.80

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

Vermont/VT — 93.6%
New Hampshire/NH — 92.9%
Rhode Island/RI — 91.0%
District of Columbia/DC — 88.9%
Georgia/GA — 88.3%
South Carolina/SC — 88.2%
Mississippi/MS — 87.7%
Alabama/AL — 87.6%
Ohio/OH — 87.6%
Tennessee/TN — 87.5%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Jamaica community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Trinidad and Tobago community

93.2% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 93.2% · without: 92.8% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Age and household, Education, work, and income, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Language, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable)

View dimension scores

Age and household: 97.9%
Education, work, and income: 97.1%
Housing and mobility: 96.3%
Language: 91.3%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 95.5%
Population and settlement: 85.6%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 94.5%
Population scale: 81.5%
Settlement concentration: 96.8%
State footprint: 78.6%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–Haiti community

89.3% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 89.3% · without: 87.7% · rank change: 1.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Housing and mobility, Migration, nativity, and generation

Largest differences: Language, Population and settlement, Education, work, and income

View dimension scores

Age and household: 93.9%
Education, work, and income: 93.0%
Housing and mobility: 95.2%
Language: 28.5%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 94.7%
Population and settlement: 86.8%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 95.8%
Population scale: 98.6%
Settlement concentration: 89.2%
State footprint: 72.7%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–South Africa community

86.8% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 86.8% · without: 83.4% · rank change: 24.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Age and household, Migration, nativity, and generation

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Education, work, and income, Housing and mobility

View dimension scores

Age and household: 93.9%
Education, work, and income: 88.2%
Housing and mobility: 91.0%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 93.2%
Population and settlement: 67.3%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 99.9%
Population scale: 74.2%
Settlement concentration: 77.9%
State footprint: 49.7%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Marshall Islands community — 54.3% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Mongolia community — 56.2% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Micronesia community — 56.7% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 24
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality