U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Ghana community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population228,878Margin of error ± 8,222

Foreign-born estimate211,297Margin of error ± 7,594

Unweighted sample7,507Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNaturalized Us Citizen 58.2% · Not Us Citizen 34.2%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesNew York, New Jersey, MarylandPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

New York/NY

43,454 · 19.0%

New Jersey/NJ

19,490 · 8.5%

Maryland/MD

18,978 · 8.3%

Virginia/VA

18,891 · 8.3%

Texas/TX

14,147 · 6.2%

Massachusetts/MA

14,008 · 6.1%

Georgia/GA

11,806 · 5.2%

Ohio/OH

11,394 · 5.0%

California/CA

9,123 · 4.0%

Illinois/IL

7,828 · 3.4%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
New York/NY	43,454	19.0%	3.203006	high
New Jersey/NJ	19,490	8.5%	3.052307	high
Maryland/MD	18,978	8.3%	4.474847	high
Virginia/VA	18,891	8.3%	3.175543	high
Texas/TX	14,147	6.2%	0.685747	moderate
Massachusetts/MA	14,008	6.1%	2.910004	high
Georgia/GA	11,806	5.2%	1.5791	moderate
Ohio/OH	11,394	5.0%	1.411744	moderate
California/CA	9,123	4.0%	0.339801	moderate
Illinois/IL	7,828	3.4%	0.90233	moderate

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Asian Alone0.4%

Estimate 847 ± 300; unweighted sample 37.

Black Alone96.5%

Estimate 220,902 ± 8,116; unweighted sample 7226.

Nhpi AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 1; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 11; public estimate withheld.

Two Or More Races1.9%

Estimate 4,319 ± 688; unweighted sample 148.

White Alone1.1%

Estimate 2,451 ± 820; unweighted sample 84.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino0.3%

Estimate 618 ± 266; unweighted sample 22.

Not Hispanic Or Latino99.7%

Estimate 228,260 ± 8,246; unweighted sample 7485.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3426.2%

Estimate 60,020 ± 3,022; unweighted sample 1839.

35 To 4932.5%

Estimate 74,288 ± 4,111; unweighted sample 2240.

50 To 6422.5%

Estimate 51,594 ± 3,006; unweighted sample 1851.

65 And Over8.9%

Estimate 20,411 ± 1,365; unweighted sample 918.

Under 189.9%

Estimate 22,565 ± 2,416; unweighted sample 659.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female45.3%

Estimate 103,758 ± 3,863; unweighted sample 3573.

Male54.7%

Estimate 125,120 ± 5,540; unweighted sample 3934.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent7.7%

Estimate 17,581 ± 2,113; unweighted sample 544.

Naturalized Us Citizen58.2%

Estimate 133,103 ± 5,622; unweighted sample 4458.

Not Us Citizen34.2%

Estimate 78,194 ± 4,176; unweighted sample 2505.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201936.4%

Estimate 83,321 ± 4,263; unweighted sample 2621.

2020 Or Later10.7%

Estimate 24,493 ± 2,619; unweighted sample 776.

Before 201052.9%

Estimate 121,064 ± 5,571; unweighted sample 4110.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3449.8%

Estimate 113,950 ± 4,787; unweighted sample 3705.

35 To 4912.9%

Estimate 29,559 ± 1,852; unweighted sample 1078.

50 And Over3.5%

Estimate 8,031 ± 935; unweighted sample 336.

Under 1833.8%

Estimate 77,338 ± 4,317; unweighted sample 2388.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only24.5%

Estimate 55,144 ± 2,947; unweighted sample 1804.

Not At All0.5%

Estimate 1,019 ± 408; unweighted sample 42.

Not Well2.8%

Estimate 6,264 ± 1,016; unweighted sample 191.

Very Well59.1%

Estimate 132,939 ± 5,554; unweighted sample 4410.

Well13.1%

Estimate 29,498 ± 2,029; unweighted sample 974.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People22.5%

Estimate 28,871 ± 1,942; unweighted sample 911.

One Person18.3%

Estimate 23,451 ± 1,996; unweighted sample 683.

Three Or Four People37.1%

Estimate 47,557 ± 2,262; unweighted sample 1558.

Two People22.1%

Estimate 28,388 ± 1,879; unweighted sample 973.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household73.2%

Estimate 93,912 ± 3,482; unweighted sample 3107.

Nonfamily Household26.8%

Estimate 34,355 ± 2,387; unweighted sample 1018.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational7.6%

Estimate 9,690 ± 1,094; unweighted sample 334.

Not Multigenerational92.4%

Estimate 118,577 ± 4,598; unweighted sample 3791.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present43.3%

Estimate 55,556 ± 2,830; unweighted sample 1712.

No Children Present56.7%

Estimate 72,711 ± 3,056; unweighted sample 2413.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors22.1%

Estimate 41,799 ± 2,385; unweighted sample 1365.

Graduate Or Professional22.1%

Estimate 41,728 ± 2,575; unweighted sample 1425.

High School Or Equivalent22.5%

Estimate 42,575 ± 2,544; unweighted sample 1333.

Less Than High School7.3%

Estimate 13,756 ± 1,448; unweighted sample 513.

Some College Or Associate26.0%

Estimate 49,016 ± 3,469; unweighted sample 1531.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed Forces1.0%

Estimate 2,051 ± 543; unweighted sample 76.

Employed74.2%

Estimate 155,559 ± 6,230; unweighted sample 4930.

Not In Labor Force20.7%

Estimate 43,319 ± 2,525; unweighted sample 1660.

Unemployed4.2%

Estimate 8,773 ± 1,153; unweighted sample 294.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts42.4%

Estimate 76,972 ± 3,390; unweighted sample 2571.

Military Specific0.7%

Estimate 1,211 ± 468; unweighted sample 40.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance3.3%

Estimate 6,026 ± 956; unweighted sample 189.

Production Transportation Material Moving14.4%

Estimate 26,185 ± 2,170; unweighted sample 797.

Sales And Office13.1%

Estimate 23,682 ± 1,985; unweighted sample 762.

Service26.1%

Estimate 47,281 ± 3,292; unweighted sample 1546.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing MiningSuppressed

Unweighted sample 10; public estimate withheld.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality5.3%

Estimate 9,518 ± 1,249; unweighted sample 308.

Construction1.9%

Estimate 3,446 ± 637; unweighted sample 113.

Education Health Social Services40.2%

Estimate 72,007 ± 3,377; unweighted sample 2428.

Finance Insurance Real Estate5.8%

Estimate 10,420 ± 1,368; unweighted sample 324.

Information1.0%

Estimate 1,866 ± 462; unweighted sample 59.

Manufacturing6.3%

Estimate 11,276 ± 1,495; unweighted sample 364.

Military1.3%

Estimate 2,340 ± 613; unweighted sample 84.

Other Services3.6%

Estimate 6,531 ± 863; unweighted sample 250.

Professional Administrative11.5%

Estimate 20,591 ± 2,084; unweighted sample 630.

Public Administration4.6%

Estimate 8,285 ± 1,353; unweighted sample 269.

Retail Trade8.7%

Estimate 15,543 ± 1,613; unweighted sample 475.

Transportation Utilities8.5%

Estimate 15,245 ± 1,502; unweighted sample 455.

Wholesale Trade1.0%

Estimate 1,809 ± 456; unweighted sample 73.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Personal income

100000 Or More14.1%

Estimate 29,972 ± 2,306; unweighted sample 984.

1 To 2499923.8%

Estimate 50,524 ± 2,900; unweighted sample 1745.

25000 To 4999922.7%

Estimate 48,211 ± 2,757; unweighted sample 1574.

50000 To 9999926.5%

Estimate 56,148 ± 3,325; unweighted sample 1788.

Zero Or Negative12.8%

Estimate 27,076 ± 1,850; unweighted sample 936.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent16.2%

Estimate 36,245 ± 3,193; unweighted sample 1067.

200 To 399 Percent33.2%

Estimate 74,303 ± 4,746; unweighted sample 2333.

400 Percent Or More38.8%

Estimate 86,798 ± 4,909; unweighted sample 2903.

Below 100 Percent11.8%

Estimate 26,352 ± 2,942; unweighted sample 801.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered88.9%

Estimate 203,579 ± 7,343; unweighted sample 6719.

Not Covered11.1%

Estimate 25,299 ± 2,336; unweighted sample 788.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability6.9%

Estimate 15,686 ± 1,419; unweighted sample 611.

Without Disability93.1%

Estimate 213,192 ± 7,805; unweighted sample 6896.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent0.9%

Estimate 1,145 ± 412; unweighted sample 42.

Owned Free And Clear8.7%

Estimate 11,185 ± 1,106; unweighted sample 451.

Owned With Mortgage33.7%

Estimate 43,231 ± 1,953; unweighted sample 1568.

Rented56.7%

Estimate 72,706 ± 3,515; unweighted sample 2064.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent21.9%

Estimate 15,697 ± 1,417; unweighted sample 452.

50 Percent Or More21.1%

Estimate 15,120 ± 1,632; unweighted sample 430.

Under 30 Percent57.0%

Estimate 40,912 ± 2,908; unweighted sample 1158.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence26.2%

Estimate 33,543 ± 1,956; unweighted sample 1260.

Mid Term Residence45.4%

Estimate 58,200 ± 3,142; unweighted sample 1826.

Recent Move28.5%

Estimate 36,524 ± 2,537; unweighted sample 1039.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us4.0%

Estimate 9,047 ± 1,584; unweighted sample 279.

Different House In Us13.1%

Estimate 29,988 ± 2,667; unweighted sample 914.

Same House82.9%

Estimate 189,376 ± 7,383; unweighted sample 6304.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

New York/NY — 43,454
New Jersey/NJ — 19,490
Maryland/MD — 18,978
Virginia/VA — 18,891
Texas/TX — 14,147
Massachusetts/MA — 14,008
Georgia/GA — 11,806
Ohio/OH — 11,394
California/CA — 9,123
Illinois/IL — 7,828

Highest location quotient

Maryland/MD — 4.47
Delaware/DE — 3.76
New York/NY — 3.20
Virginia/VA — 3.18
New Jersey/NJ — 3.05
Massachusetts/MA — 2.91
Connecticut/CT — 2.21
Georgia/GA — 1.58
Ohio/OH — 1.41
Minnesota/MN — 1.17

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

North Dakota/ND — 92.9%
Montana/MT — 92.5%
Vermont/VT — 92.4%
Alaska/AK — 87.9%
New Jersey/NJ — 87.5%
Maryland/MD — 87.4%
South Dakota/SD — 87.4%
Virginia/VA — 87.4%
Utah/UT — 87.4%
Illinois/IL — 87.2%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Ghana community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Nigeria community

93.2% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 93.2% · without: 91.6% · rank change: 1.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Age and household, Migration, nativity, and generation

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Language, Education, work, and income

View dimension scores

Age and household: 99.1%
Education, work, and income: 95.6%
Housing and mobility: 95.9%
Language: 88.9%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 95.9%
Population and settlement: 82.4%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 99.5%
Population scale: 88.5%
Settlement concentration: 96.2%
State footprint: 62.6%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–Kenya community

93.0% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 93.0% · without: 93.0% · rank change: -1.

Strongest similarities: Language, Migration, nativity, and generation, Education, work, and income

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Housing and mobility, Age and household

View dimension scores

Age and household: 97.1%
Education, work, and income: 97.5%
Housing and mobility: 96.8%
Language: 98.2%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 97.5%
Population and settlement: 83.3%
Population scale: 96.9%
Settlement concentration: 94.4%
State footprint: 58.7%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–Egypt community

92.6% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 92.6% · without: 91.2% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Age and household, Migration, nativity, and generation

Largest differences: Language, Population and settlement, Housing and mobility

View dimension scores

Age and household: 97.3%
Education, work, and income: 94.6%
Housing and mobility: 90.0%
Language: 84.5%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 96.2%
Population and settlement: 85.5%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 98.3%
Population scale: 98.9%
Settlement concentration: 95.4%
State footprint: 62.4%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Mexico community — 59.3% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Cuba community — 61.3% measured structural similarity
U.S.–El Salvador community — 64.2% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 22
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality