U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Pakistan community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population433,820Margin of error ± 11,574

Foreign-born estimate415,744Margin of error ± 11,055

Unweighted sample19,058Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNaturalized Us Citizen 67.4% · Not Us Citizen 28.4%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesTexas, New York, CaliforniaPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

Texas/TX

71,291 · 16.4%

New York/NY

66,697 · 15.4%

California/CA

55,356 · 12.8%

Illinois/IL

33,704 · 7.8%

Virginia/VA

29,576 · 6.8%

New Jersey/NJ

28,403 · 6.5%

Maryland/MD

19,245 · 4.4%

Florida/FL

15,946 · 3.7%

Georgia/GA

12,208 · 2.8%

Pennsylvania/PA

11,935 · 2.8%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
Texas/TX	71,291	16.4%	1.823178	high
New York/NY	66,697	15.4%	2.593754	high
California/CA	55,356	12.8%	1.087793	high
Illinois/IL	33,704	7.8%	2.049701	high
Virginia/VA	29,576	6.8%	2.622992	high
New Jersey/NJ	28,403	6.5%	2.346794	high
Maryland/MD	19,245	4.4%	2.394088	high
Florida/FL	15,946	3.7%	0.549195	high
Georgia/GA	12,208	2.8%	0.861481	high
Pennsylvania/PA	11,935	2.8%	0.707769	moderate

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 8; public estimate withheld.

Asian Alone95.9%

Estimate 415,992 ± 11,401; unweighted sample 18268.

Black AloneSuppressed

Unweighted sample 23; public estimate withheld.

Some Other Race Alone0.3%

Estimate 1,375 ± 485; unweighted sample 64.

Two Or More Races2.5%

Estimate 10,921 ± 1,209; unweighted sample 490.

White Alone1.1%

Estimate 4,664 ± 874; unweighted sample 205.

Other Or Suppressed0.2%

Estimate 868 ± Not enough reliable data; unweighted sample 31.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or LatinoSuppressed

Unweighted sample 33; public estimate withheld.

Not Hispanic Or Latino99.8%

Estimate 432,965 ± 11,588; unweighted sample 19025.

Other Or Suppressed0.2%

Estimate 855 ± Not enough reliable data; unweighted sample 33.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3424.3%

Estimate 105,443 ± 4,443; unweighted sample 4538.

35 To 4929.0%

Estimate 125,818 ± 4,781; unweighted sample 5289.

50 To 6424.0%

Estimate 104,150 ± 3,920; unweighted sample 4929.

65 And Over15.0%

Estimate 65,191 ± 2,731; unweighted sample 2946.

Under 187.7%

Estimate 33,218 ± 2,998; unweighted sample 1356.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female47.3%

Estimate 205,085 ± 6,181; unweighted sample 9215.

Male52.7%

Estimate 228,735 ± 6,632; unweighted sample 9843.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent4.2%

Estimate 18,076 ± 1,564; unweighted sample 837.

Naturalized Us Citizen67.4%

Estimate 292,574 ± 8,472; unweighted sample 13066.

Not Us Citizen28.4%

Estimate 123,170 ± 5,186; unweighted sample 5155.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201930.1%

Estimate 130,577 ± 5,952; unweighted sample 5535.

2020 Or Later7.0%

Estimate 30,182 ± 2,391; unweighted sample 1387.

Before 201062.9%

Estimate 273,061 ± 8,227; unweighted sample 12136.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3446.7%

Estimate 202,757 ± 5,863; unweighted sample 8994.

35 To 4912.0%

Estimate 52,259 ± 2,857; unweighted sample 2349.

50 And Over5.7%

Estimate 24,650 ± 1,840; unweighted sample 1058.

Under 1835.5%

Estimate 154,154 ± 6,045; unweighted sample 6657.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only10.9%

Estimate 47,067 ± 2,738; unweighted sample 2087.

Not At All2.1%

Estimate 8,886 ± 931; unweighted sample 381.

Not Well8.5%

Estimate 36,610 ± 1,952; unweighted sample 1654.

Very Well57.1%

Estimate 245,543 ± 7,734; unweighted sample 10675.

Well21.4%

Estimate 92,186 ± 3,806; unweighted sample 4116.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People30.3%

Estimate 65,626 ± 2,826; unweighted sample 2764.

One Person9.9%

Estimate 21,318 ± 1,442; unweighted sample 771.

Three Or Four People39.9%

Estimate 86,196 ± 2,759; unweighted sample 3804.

Two People19.9%

Estimate 43,136 ± 2,034; unweighted sample 2023.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household86.4%

Estimate 186,837 ± 4,696; unweighted sample 8241.

Nonfamily Household13.6%

Estimate 29,439 ± 1,681; unweighted sample 1121.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational12.2%

Estimate 26,460 ± 2,040; unweighted sample 1144.

Not Multigenerational87.8%

Estimate 189,816 ± 4,441; unweighted sample 8218.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present46.2%

Estimate 99,924 ± 3,568; unweighted sample 4105.

No Children Present53.8%

Estimate 116,352 ± 3,332; unweighted sample 5257.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors30.6%

Estimate 114,369 ± 4,574; unweighted sample 4864.

Graduate Or Professional27.0%

Estimate 100,608 ± 3,557; unweighted sample 4588.

High School Or Equivalent14.0%

Estimate 52,220 ± 2,715; unweighted sample 2120.

Less Than High School12.3%

Estimate 45,825 ± 2,757; unweighted sample 2165.

Some College Or Associate16.1%

Estimate 60,175 ± 2,630; unweighted sample 2622.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed ForcesSuppressed

Unweighted sample 19; public estimate withheld.

Employed61.1%

Estimate 248,858 ± 6,785; unweighted sample 10951.

Not In Labor Force35.4%

Estimate 143,895 ± 4,970; unweighted sample 6426.

Unemployed3.4%

Estimate 13,894 ± 1,364; unweighted sample 593.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts52.6%

Estimate 156,627 ± 4,953; unweighted sample 7101.

Military SpecificSuppressed

Unweighted sample 10; public estimate withheld.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance2.3%

Estimate 6,849 ± 736; unweighted sample 322.

Production Transportation Material Moving12.8%

Estimate 38,176 ± 2,119; unweighted sample 1599.

Sales And Office21.0%

Estimate 62,679 ± 2,553; unweighted sample 2766.

Service11.2%

Estimate 33,276 ± 1,705; unweighted sample 1496.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining0.2%

Estimate 505 ± 210; unweighted sample 24.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality6.7%

Estimate 19,730 ± 1,669; unweighted sample 892.

Construction2.1%

Estimate 6,105 ± 777; unweighted sample 304.

Education Health Social Services25.7%

Estimate 75,224 ± 2,746; unweighted sample 3490.

Finance Insurance Real Estate6.9%

Estimate 20,327 ± 1,697; unweighted sample 886.

Information2.1%

Estimate 6,154 ± 801; unweighted sample 287.

Manufacturing7.6%

Estimate 22,337 ± 1,606; unweighted sample 974.

MilitarySuppressed

Unweighted sample 19; public estimate withheld.

Other Services3.8%

Estimate 11,119 ± 1,159; unweighted sample 508.

Professional Administrative14.4%

Estimate 42,122 ± 2,132; unweighted sample 1893.

Public Administration2.9%

Estimate 8,477 ± 903; unweighted sample 408.

Retail Trade16.4%

Estimate 48,073 ± 2,315; unweighted sample 2056.

Transportation Utilities9.2%

Estimate 26,915 ± 1,898; unweighted sample 1094.

Wholesale Trade2.0%

Estimate 5,726 ± 706; unweighted sample 274.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: limited.

Personal income

100000 Or More19.7%

Estimate 80,623 ± 3,473; unweighted sample 3619.

1 To 2499924.0%

Estimate 98,500 ± 4,213; unweighted sample 4523.

25000 To 4999915.7%

Estimate 64,296 ± 2,514; unweighted sample 2827.

50000 To 9999917.5%

Estimate 71,870 ± 2,835; unweighted sample 3085.

Zero Or Negative23.1%

Estimate 94,765 ± 4,066; unweighted sample 4076.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent17.2%

Estimate 73,936 ± 5,103; unweighted sample 2985.

200 To 399 Percent26.6%

Estimate 114,638 ± 5,915; unweighted sample 4886.

400 Percent Or More43.7%

Estimate 188,347 ± 6,740; unweighted sample 8711.

Below 100 Percent12.5%

Estimate 53,831 ± 3,749; unweighted sample 2169.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered90.0%

Estimate 390,436 ± 10,354; unweighted sample 17435.

Not Covered10.0%

Estimate 43,384 ± 3,122; unweighted sample 1623.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability10.1%

Estimate 43,834 ± 2,312; unweighted sample 1933.

Without Disability89.9%

Estimate 389,986 ± 11,050; unweighted sample 17125.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent1.2%

Estimate 2,645 ± 585; unweighted sample 103.

Owned Free And Clear20.3%

Estimate 43,899 ± 1,871; unweighted sample 2171.

Owned With Mortgage42.4%

Estimate 91,673 ± 3,219; unweighted sample 4059.

Rented36.1%

Estimate 78,059 ± 2,949; unweighted sample 3029.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent22.5%

Estimate 17,190 ± 1,293; unweighted sample 657.

50 Percent Or More25.2%

Estimate 19,304 ± 1,397; unweighted sample 744.

Under 30 Percent52.3%

Estimate 40,002 ± 2,231; unweighted sample 1571.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence28.4%

Estimate 61,485 ± 2,764; unweighted sample 3010.

Mid Term Residence46.5%

Estimate 100,664 ± 3,778; unweighted sample 4117.

Recent Move25.0%

Estimate 54,127 ± 2,137; unweighted sample 2235.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us2.4%

Estimate 10,209 ± 1,664; unweighted sample 439.

Different House In Us11.0%

Estimate 47,467 ± 2,743; unweighted sample 2051.

Same House86.7%

Estimate 375,812 ± 11,508; unweighted sample 16551.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

Texas/TX — 71,291
New York/NY — 66,697
California/CA — 55,356
Illinois/IL — 33,704
Virginia/VA — 29,576
New Jersey/NJ — 28,403
Maryland/MD — 19,245
Florida/FL — 15,946
Georgia/GA — 12,208
Pennsylvania/PA — 11,935

Highest location quotient

Virginia/VA — 2.62
New York/NY — 2.59
Maryland/MD — 2.39
New Jersey/NJ — 2.35
Illinois/IL — 2.05
Texas/TX — 1.82
Connecticut/CT — 1.49
California/CA — 1.09
Delaware/DE — 1.05
Massachusetts/MA — 0.88

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

Vermont/VT — 92.6%
Rhode Island/RI — 84.7%
New Hampshire/NH — 84.3%
District of Columbia/DC — 83.7%
Montana/MT — 83.2%
North Dakota/ND — 83.0%
Hawaii/HI — 81.3%
California/CA — 79.8%
New Jersey/NJ — 79.4%
New York/NY — 79.3%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Pakistan community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Egypt community

93.0% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 93.0% · without: 92.8% · rank change: 0.

Strongest similarities: Education, work, and income, Migration, nativity, and generation, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Language, Age and household

View dimension scores

Age and household: 93.8%
Education, work, and income: 97.0%
Housing and mobility: 96.1%
Language: 92.0%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 96.1%
Population and settlement: 86.7%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 94.1%
Population scale: 91.9%
Settlement concentration: 98.6%
State footprint: 69.6%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–Bangladesh community

91.7% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 91.7% · without: 90.8% · rank change: 3.

Strongest similarities: Age and household, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Education, work, and income

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Language, Housing and mobility

View dimension scores

Age and household: 98.0%
Education, work, and income: 94.9%
Housing and mobility: 94.5%
Language: 83.6%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 94.9%
Population and settlement: 83.0%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 95.4%
Population scale: 95.7%
Settlement concentration: 87.4%
State footprint: 65.8%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–Nigeria community

91.6% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 91.6% · without: 90.6% · rank change: 4.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Education, work, and income, Age and household

Largest differences: Language, Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation

View dimension scores

Age and household: 93.7%
Education, work, and income: 94.5%
Housing and mobility: 93.1%
Language: 69.6%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 92.0%
Population and settlement: 89.3%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 95.5%
Population scale: 97.7%
Settlement concentration: 96.6%
State footprint: 73.7%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Rwanda community — 58.8% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Marshall Islands community — 59.2% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Tonga community — 59.4% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 21
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality