U.S. bi-national and heritage community · eligible high reliability

U.S.–Japan community

A country-specific aggregate research profile. It does not identify dual citizens and should not be treated as a description of every person.

What this record observesForeign birth: true · reported ancestry: false · citizenship status available: true · confirmed dual citizenship: false.

Community at a glance

Observed country-of-birth population555,145Margin of error ± 9,364

Foreign-born estimate341,168Margin of error ± 7,002

Unweighted sample28,401Reliability: high

Citizenship compositionNot Us Citizen 40.2% · Born Abroad Of Us Parent 38.5%Status in the aggregate cohort, not loyalty or civic commitment

Ancestry-linked estimateNot availableCrosswalk remains under governance review

Leading statesCalifornia, Texas, New YorkPresence, not demographic resemblance

Leading metrosNot availableNo research PUMA-to-metro allocation

Source period2020–2024ACS 5-year PUMS

Where this community lives

State count and share view. Location quotient and state-relative fields are available in the underlying state-profile asset.

California/CA

132,572 · 23.9%

Texas/TX

37,513 · 6.8%

New York/NY

33,397 · 6.0%

Hawaii/HI

32,319 · 5.8%

Washington/WA

28,298 · 5.1%

Florida/FL

25,551 · 4.6%

Virginia/VA

20,780 · 3.7%

Illinois/IL

14,041 · 2.5%

North Carolina/NC

13,913 · 2.5%

Georgia/GA

13,593 · 2.4%

Accessible state presence table
State	Estimate	Share of community	Location quotient	Reliability
California/CA	132,572	23.9%	2.035807	high
Texas/TX	37,513	6.8%	0.749686	high
New York/NY	33,397	6.0%	1.014923	high
Hawaii/HI	32,319	5.8%	13.49141	high
Washington/WA	28,298	5.1%	2.184251	high
Florida/FL	25,551	4.6%	0.68768	high
Virginia/VA	20,780	3.7%	1.440145	high
Illinois/IL	14,041	2.5%	0.667283	high
North Carolina/NC	13,913	2.5%	0.782245	high
Georgia/GA	13,593	2.4%	0.749583	high

Metropolitan profiles are withheld in this run because PUMS does not identify metropolitan areas and no research PUMA-to-metro allocation was authorized.

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Race, Hispanic or Latino origin, ancestry, country of birth, citizenship, and language remain separate concepts. These are aggregate estimates.

Race distribution

Aian Alone0.1%

Estimate 794 ± 256; unweighted sample 56.

Asian Alone60.2%

Estimate 333,931 ± 6,846; unweighted sample 17416.

Black Alone2.9%

Estimate 16,142 ± 1,556; unweighted sample 552.

Nhpi Alone0.1%

Estimate 619 ± 239; unweighted sample 35.

Some Other Race Alone1.0%

Estimate 5,642 ± 900; unweighted sample 257.

Two Or More Races14.2%

Estimate 78,805 ± 3,371; unweighted sample 3975.

White Alone21.5%

Estimate 119,212 ± 3,496; unweighted sample 6110.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Hispanic or Latino origin

Hispanic Or Latino3.3%

Estimate 18,106 ± 1,390; unweighted sample 800.

Not Hispanic Or Latino96.7%

Estimate 537,039 ± 9,010; unweighted sample 27601.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Ancestry composition is not published because the available country crosswalk is pending research deterministic validation. Hispanic or Latino origin is not treated as race.

Age, households, and economic structure

Age

18 To 3417.4%

Estimate 96,455 ± 3,568; unweighted sample 4545.

35 To 4923.7%

Estimate 131,382 ± 3,697; unweighted sample 6156.

50 To 6425.9%

Estimate 143,862 ± 3,938; unweighted sample 7766.

65 And Over21.2%

Estimate 117,797 ± 3,208; unweighted sample 6841.

Under 1811.8%

Estimate 65,649 ± 3,138; unweighted sample 3093.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Sex as reported by the source

Female59.2%

Estimate 328,707 ± 6,287; unweighted sample 17065.

Male40.8%

Estimate 226,438 ± 5,110; unweighted sample 11336.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Nativity and citizenship

Born Abroad Of Us Parent38.5%

Estimate 213,977 ± 5,355; unweighted sample 10713.

Naturalized Us Citizen21.3%

Estimate 118,117 ± 3,718; unweighted sample 6374.

Not Us Citizen40.2%

Estimate 223,051 ± 5,656; unweighted sample 11314.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Period of entry

2010 To 201920.0%

Estimate 111,147 ± 4,702; unweighted sample 5256.

2020 Or Later9.9%

Estimate 54,986 ± 2,938; unweighted sample 2725.

Before 201070.1%

Estimate 389,012 ± 7,267; unweighted sample 20420.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Age at migration

18 To 3433.4%

Estimate 185,209 ± 4,740; unweighted sample 9599.

35 To 4910.4%

Estimate 57,497 ± 2,297; unweighted sample 2866.

50 And Over2.4%

Estimate 13,593 ± 1,029; unweighted sample 776.

Under 1853.8%

Estimate 298,846 ± 6,488; unweighted sample 15160.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Language and English proficiency

English Only45.3%

Estimate 245,156 ± 5,244; unweighted sample 12467.

Not At All1.0%

Estimate 5,237 ± 774; unweighted sample 267.

Not Well9.2%

Estimate 49,904 ± 2,640; unweighted sample 2502.

Very Well25.9%

Estimate 140,196 ± 3,951; unweighted sample 7213.

Well18.6%

Estimate 100,664 ± 3,482; unweighted sample 5339.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household size

Five Or More People10.1%

Estimate 44,409 ± 1,988; unweighted sample 2105.

One Person18.5%

Estimate 81,776 ± 3,029; unweighted sample 3783.

Three Or Four People35.8%

Estimate 158,091 ± 3,319; unweighted sample 7778.

Two People35.6%

Estimate 156,825 ± 3,912; unweighted sample 8492.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Household type

Family Household74.0%

Estimate 326,613 ± 5,562; unweighted sample 16894.

Nonfamily Household26.0%

Estimate 114,488 ± 3,707; unweighted sample 5264.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Multigenerational household

Multigenerational4.2%

Estimate 18,487 ± 1,368; unweighted sample 874.

Not Multigenerational95.8%

Estimate 422,614 ± 6,882; unweighted sample 21284.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Households with children

Children Present30.2%

Estimate 133,287 ± 2,970; unweighted sample 6262.

No Children Present69.8%

Estimate 307,814 ± 5,983; unweighted sample 15896.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Education

Bachelors33.3%

Estimate 151,904 ± 4,162; unweighted sample 7805.

Graduate Or Professional19.8%

Estimate 90,093 ± 3,210; unweighted sample 4735.

High School Or Equivalent17.0%

Estimate 77,353 ± 2,443; unweighted sample 3955.

Less Than High School4.2%

Estimate 18,951 ± 1,197; unweighted sample 1002.

Some College Or Associate25.8%

Estimate 117,437 ± 3,284; unweighted sample 6010.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Employment

Armed Forces0.7%

Estimate 3,403 ± 590; unweighted sample 186.

Employed58.2%

Estimate 289,241 ± 6,340; unweighted sample 14201.

Not In Labor Force38.9%

Estimate 193,459 ± 3,932; unweighted sample 10779.

Unemployed2.1%

Estimate 10,607 ± 1,043; unweighted sample 499.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Occupation

Management Business Science Arts55.3%

Estimate 199,967 ± 4,614; unweighted sample 10111.

Military Specific0.4%

Estimate 1,491 ± 458; unweighted sample 79.

Natural Resources Construction Maintenance3.1%

Estimate 11,120 ± 975; unweighted sample 588.

Production Transportation Material Moving7.7%

Estimate 27,871 ± 1,515; unweighted sample 1389.

Sales And Office19.7%

Estimate 71,293 ± 3,173; unweighted sample 3603.

Service13.7%

Estimate 49,621 ± 1,835; unweighted sample 2520.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing Mining0.3%

Estimate 1,131 ± 306; unweighted sample 70.

Arts Entertainment Hospitality10.4%

Estimate 37,351 ± 1,887; unweighted sample 1842.

Construction3.0%

Estimate 10,568 ± 975; unweighted sample 500.

Education Health Social Services23.0%

Estimate 82,175 ± 2,944; unweighted sample 4293.

Finance Insurance Real Estate6.6%

Estimate 23,589 ± 1,593; unweighted sample 1166.

Information2.6%

Estimate 9,408 ± 891; unweighted sample 451.

Manufacturing12.6%

Estimate 45,116 ± 2,002; unweighted sample 2232.

Military1.1%

Estimate 3,840 ± 643; unweighted sample 205.

Other Services4.3%

Estimate 15,485 ± 1,230; unweighted sample 779.

Professional Administrative15.1%

Estimate 53,987 ± 2,022; unweighted sample 2819.

Public Administration4.6%

Estimate 16,415 ± 1,371; unweighted sample 850.

Retail Trade8.8%

Estimate 31,455 ± 1,939; unweighted sample 1573.

Transportation Utilities4.7%

Estimate 16,961 ± 1,395; unweighted sample 773.

Wholesale Trade2.9%

Estimate 10,346 ± 1,204; unweighted sample 548.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Personal income

100000 Or More20.6%

Estimate 102,760 ± 3,026; unweighted sample 5185.

1 To 2499924.1%

Estimate 120,568 ± 3,651; unweighted sample 6493.

25000 To 4999917.6%

Estimate 87,915 ± 3,134; unweighted sample 4533.

50000 To 9999922.8%

Estimate 113,787 ± 3,882; unweighted sample 5615.

Zero Or Negative15.0%

Estimate 74,903 ± 2,703; unweighted sample 4002.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Poverty

100 To 199 Percent10.4%

Estimate 56,600 ± 2,734; unweighted sample 2682.

200 To 399 Percent25.4%

Estimate 138,375 ± 4,463; unweighted sample 6764.

400 Percent Or More56.4%

Estimate 306,918 ± 6,352; unweighted sample 15774.

Below 100 Percent7.8%

Estimate 42,398 ± 2,103; unweighted sample 2115.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Health insurance

Covered95.8%

Estimate 531,918 ± 9,115; unweighted sample 27287.

Not Covered4.2%

Estimate 23,227 ± 1,773; unweighted sample 1114.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Disability

With Disability10.5%

Estimate 58,227 ± 2,717; unweighted sample 3241.

Without Disability89.5%

Estimate 496,918 ± 8,480; unweighted sample 25160.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing tenure

Occupied Without Cash Rent1.1%

Estimate 4,977 ± 665; unweighted sample 272.

Owned Free And Clear24.1%

Estimate 106,127 ± 3,344; unweighted sample 6046.

Owned With Mortgage41.7%

Estimate 183,968 ± 4,211; unweighted sample 9602.

Rented33.1%

Estimate 146,029 ± 3,588; unweighted sample 6238.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Housing-cost burden

30 To 49 Percent23.9%

Estimate 34,395 ± 1,684; unweighted sample 1505.

50 Percent Or More21.1%

Estimate 30,381 ± 1,644; unweighted sample 1278.

Under 30 Percent54.9%

Estimate 78,960 ± 2,970; unweighted sample 3368.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential tenure length

Established Residence39.0%

Estimate 172,070 ± 4,214; unweighted sample 9612.

Mid Term Residence37.9%

Estimate 167,127 ± 4,262; unweighted sample 8050.

Recent Move23.1%

Estimate 101,904 ± 2,914; unweighted sample 4496.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

Residential mobility

Arrived From Outside Us4.5%

Estimate 25,149 ± 2,099; unweighted sample 1259.

Different House In Us11.0%

Estimate 60,827 ± 2,606; unweighted sample 2864.

Same House84.5%

Estimate 468,170 ± 8,715; unweighted sample 24227.

Aggregate estimates; reliability: high.

How this community differs across states

Highest community presence

California/CA — 132,572
Texas/TX — 37,513
New York/NY — 33,397
Hawaii/HI — 32,319
Washington/WA — 28,298
Florida/FL — 25,551
Virginia/VA — 20,780
Illinois/IL — 14,041
North Carolina/NC — 13,913
Georgia/GA — 13,593

Highest location quotient

Hawaii/HI — 13.49
Washington/WA — 2.18
California/CA — 2.04
Nevada/NV — 1.65
Oregon/OR — 1.51
District of Columbia/DC — 1.48
Virginia/VA — 1.44
Alaska/AK — 1.31
Arizona/AZ — 1.10
Colorado/CO — 1.04

Closest surrounding demographic contexts

Vermont/VT — 95.3%
New Hampshire/NH — 91.3%
Rhode Island/RI — 90.3%
District of Columbia/DC — 89.6%
Hawaii/HI — 89.5%
Massachusetts/MA — 87.6%
New Jersey/NJ — 87.3%
North Dakota/ND — 87.3%
Montana/MT — 87.0%
Washington/WA — 87.0%

Highest presence and closest surrounding context answer different questions and are never substituted for one another.

How this community compares with the United States

State-context comparisons use the same source period and composition schema. National community averages should not be treated as characteristics of any person.

The U.S.–Japan community contains materially different racial, ethnic, generational, linguistic, geographic, household, and socioeconomic profiles. National averages should not be treated as characteristics of every person.

Closest demographic peers

Peer rankings use population and settlement, migration, race and ethnicity, age and household, education and economic structure, language, and housing as separately disclosed dimensions.

Closest demographic peer 1

U.S.–Netherlands community

90.6% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 90.6% · without: 88.4% · rank change: 7.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Education, work, and income, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Age and household

View dimension scores

Age and household: 94.3%
Education, work, and income: 95.6%
Housing and mobility: 94.8%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 88.5%
Population and settlement: 79.2%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 98.7%
Population scale: 74.6%
Settlement concentration: 97.6%
State footprint: 65.5%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 2

U.S.–South Africa community

89.4% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 89.4% · without: 88.6% · rank change: 5.

Strongest similarities: Age and household, Housing and mobility, Education, work, and income

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable)

View dimension scores

Age and household: 95.6%
Education, work, and income: 92.8%
Housing and mobility: 95.0%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 83.9%
Population and settlement: 83.5%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 92.5%
Population scale: 80.8%
Settlement concentration: 98.0%
State footprint: 71.7%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Closest demographic peer 3

U.S.–Belgium community

89.4% balanced demographic structural similarity · high reliability.

With race and ethnicity: 89.4% · without: 87.1% · rank change: 8.

Strongest similarities: Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable), Age and household, Housing and mobility

Largest differences: Population and settlement, Migration, nativity, and generation, Education, work, and income

View dimension scores

Age and household: 97.6%
Education, work, and income: 94.0%
Housing and mobility: 97.5%
Migration, nativity, and generation: 92.8%
Population and settlement: 71.5%
Race and ethnicity (ancestry unavailable): 97.9%
Population scale: 64.6%
Settlement concentration: 95.9%
State footprint: 54.1%

Population scale, settlement concentration, and state footprint remain separately reported components.

Largest measured differences

The comparison asset reports the lowest demographic structural similarities without describing communities as enemies, opposites, incompatible groups, or unlikely allies.

U.S.–Tonga community — 56.6% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Rwanda community — 56.8% measured structural similarity
U.S.–Samoa community — 58.9% measured structural similarity

Explore peers in Ally Finder

Data quality

Profile state: eligible_high_reliability
Reliable dimensions: 24
Observed basis: Country of birth in the 2020–2024 ACS 5-year PUMS

Suppressed cells remain labeled. Missing values and shared zeroes do not create similarity.

What should not be inferred

Aggregate demographic similarity does not establish agreement, alliance, representation, consent, endorsement, political behavior, nationality, dual citizenship, religion, caste, tribe, sect, or individual identity.

How the comparison was calculated

Dimension-specific categorical distributions use square-root Jensen–Shannon distance; ordered distributions use bounded Wasserstein distance; population totals use log-scaled distance; and state footprints use Jensen–Shannon distance. Available reliable dimensions are combined with versioned weights. KNN is a retrieval method, not a public claim about alliance.

Weights · Sources · Data quality