Showing 100 of 100 records.
KH-001 · Research neededIntergenerational consequences of genocide and mass violence
Historical inheritance, governance and institutional power
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KH-002 · Research neededLoss of institutional and professional capacity caused by historical conflict
Historical inheritance, governance and institutional power
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KH-003 · Research neededIntergenerational trauma and inadequate psychosocial support
Historical inheritance, governance and institutional power
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KH-004 · Research neededConcentration of political and executive power
Historical inheritance, governance and institutional power
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KH-005 · Research neededRestricted electoral competition and political participation
Historical inheritance, governance and institutional power
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KH-006 · Research neededConstraints on civil society, protest and freedom of association
Historical inheritance, governance and institutional power
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KH-007 · Research neededWeakness of independent and pluralistic media
Historical inheritance, governance and institutional power
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KH-008 · Research neededUneven judicial independence and access to impartial justice
Historical inheritance, governance and institutional power
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KH-009 · Research neededPatronage, clientelism and politically mediated access to opportunity
Historical inheritance, governance and institutional power
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KH-010 · Research neededCorruption, administrative discretion and weak public accountability
Historical inheritance, governance and institutional power
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KH-011 · Research neededIncomplete, disputed or insecure household land tenure
Land, housing and spatial dispossession
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KH-012 · Research neededForced eviction and development-induced displacement
Land, housing and spatial dispossession
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KH-013 · Research neededEconomic land concessions and unequal access to productive land
Land, housing and spatial dispossession
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KH-014 · Research neededBarriers to Indigenous communal land titles
Land, housing and spatial dispossession
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KH-015 · Research neededRural landlessness and declining farm-plot viability
Land, housing and spatial dispossession
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KH-016 · Research neededWomen’s unequal land ownership, inheritance and registration
Land, housing and spatial dispossession
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KH-017 · Research neededUrban informal-settlement tenure insecurity
Land, housing and spatial dispossession
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KH-018 · Research neededPeripheral resettlement without adequate transport or public services
Land, housing and spatial dispossession
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KH-019 · Research neededReal-estate speculation and exclusion from urban land markets
Land, housing and spatial dispossession
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KH-020 · Research neededLandmine and unexploded-ordnance contamination restricting safe land use
Land, housing and spatial dispossession
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KH-021 · Research neededSmallholder farmers’ weak bargaining power in agricultural value chains
Agriculture, fisheries, forests and rural livelihoods
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KH-022 · Research neededUnequal access to irrigation and reliable agricultural water
Agriculture, fisheries, forests and rural livelihoods
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KH-023 · Research neededDependence on rain-fed and climate-sensitive agriculture
Agriculture, fisheries, forests and rural livelihoods
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KH-024 · Research neededUnequal access to extension services, technology and resilient seed
Agriculture, fisheries, forests and rural livelihoods
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KH-025 · Research neededCrop-price volatility and dependence on traders or intermediaries
Agriculture, fisheries, forests and rural livelihoods
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KH-026 · Research neededLand-poor and landless rural household exclusion
Agriculture, fisheries, forests and rural livelihoods
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KH-027 · Research neededDeclining fisheries and livelihood insecurity around Tonlé Sap
Agriculture, fisheries, forests and rural livelihoods
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KH-028 · Research neededMekong dams and disruption of the natural flood pulse
Agriculture, fisheries, forests and rural livelihoods
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KH-029 · Research neededIllegal or concentrated fishing access that disadvantages small fishers
Agriculture, fisheries, forests and rural livelihoods
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KH-030 · Research neededDeforestation and loss of customary forest-based livelihoods
Agriculture, fisheries, forests and rural livelihoods
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KH-031 · Research neededPervasive informal employment
Labour markets, industrial development and migration
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KH-032 · Research neededWeak inspection and enforcement of labour standards
Labour markets, industrial development and migration
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KH-033 · Research neededLow wages and insecure employment in garment and footwear production
Labour markets, industrial development and migration
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KH-034 · Research neededConcentration of women in lower-paid, lower-mobility occupations
Labour markets, industrial development and migration
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KH-035 · Research neededConstraints on trade-union activity and collective bargaining
Labour markets, industrial development and migration
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KH-036 · Research neededOccupational-health and workplace-safety deficiencies
Labour markets, industrial development and migration
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KH-037 · Research neededPrecarious construction and casual day labour
Labour markets, industrial development and migration
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KH-038 · Research neededExclusion of domestic and care workers from equal labour protections
Labour markets, industrial development and migration
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KH-039 · Research neededRecruitment fees, irregular migration and migrant-worker exploitation
Labour markets, industrial development and migration
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KH-040 · Research neededRemittance dependence and inadequate reintegration of returning migrants
Labour markets, industrial development and migration
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KH-041 · Research neededHousehold over-indebtedness
Household debt, finance and social protection
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KH-042 · Research neededLand-title collateralization and debt-driven distress sales
Household debt, finance and social protection
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KH-043 · Research neededMultiple borrowing and refinancing old loans with new debt
Household debt, finance and social protection
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KH-044 · Research neededInformation asymmetry between lenders and low-income borrowers
Household debt, finance and social protection
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KH-045 · Research neededAggressive or coercive debt-collection practices
Household debt, finance and social protection
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KH-046 · Research neededAbsence of accessible personal insolvency and debt-restructuring mechanisms
Household debt, finance and social protection
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KH-047 · Research neededSocial-insurance gaps for informal and self-employed workers
Household debt, finance and social protection
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KH-048 · Research neededUnequal access to unemployment, sickness and maternity protection
Household debt, finance and social protection
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KH-049 · Research neededInsufficient shock-responsive assistance after disasters or recessions
Household debt, finance and social protection
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KH-050 · Research neededHousehold reliance on debt to pay for health care, education and emergencies
Household debt, finance and social protection
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KH-051 · Research neededUnequal access to affordable early-childhood development
Education, skills and the digital divide
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KH-052 · Research neededWeak foundational literacy and numeracy
Education, skills and the digital divide
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KH-053 · Research neededRural–urban differences in school quality
Education, skills and the digital divide
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KH-054 · Research neededUnequal teacher deployment, preparation and retention
Education, skills and the digital divide
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KH-055 · Research neededHousehold education costs and dependence on private tutoring
Education, skills and the digital divide
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KH-056 · Research neededLower-secondary and upper-secondary dropout
Education, skills and the digital divide
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KH-057 · Research neededEducation loss caused by work, migration, caregiving or early marriage
Education, skills and the digital divide
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KH-058 · Research neededLanguage barriers for Indigenous and minority-language children
Education, skills and the digital divide
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KH-059 · Research neededExclusion of children with disabilities from inclusive education
Education, skills and the digital divide
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KH-060 · Research neededUnequal access to technical training, digital devices and connectivity
Education, skills and the digital divide
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KH-061 · Research neededGeographic inequality in access to health facilities
Health, nutrition, water and sanitation
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KH-062 · Research neededHigh out-of-pocket medical expenditure and weak financial protection
Health, nutrition, water and sanitation
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KH-063 · Research neededUneven quality of primary and referral care
Health, nutrition, water and sanitation
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KH-064 · Research neededMaternal, newborn and reproductive-health disparities
Health, nutrition, water and sanitation
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KH-065 · Research neededChild stunting, wasting and micronutrient deficiencies
Health, nutrition, water and sanitation
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KH-066 · Research neededAdolescent sexual and reproductive-health barriers
Health, nutrition, water and sanitation
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KH-067 · Research neededLimited mental-health and trauma-informed services
Health, nutrition, water and sanitation
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KH-068 · Research neededUnequal prevention and treatment of noncommunicable diseases
Health, nutrition, water and sanitation
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KH-069 · Research neededRural and low-income disparities in safe water and sanitation
Health, nutrition, water and sanitation
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KH-070 · Research neededUnequal distribution and retention of trained health personnel
Health, nutrition, water and sanitation
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KH-071 · Research neededGender wage inequality
Gender, family power and bodily autonomy
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KH-072 · Research neededWomen’s disproportionate unpaid domestic and caregiving work
Gender, family power and bodily autonomy
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KH-073 · Research neededWomen’s underrepresentation in political and administrative leadership
Gender, family power and bodily autonomy
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KH-074 · Research neededIntimate-partner and domestic violence
Gender, family power and bodily autonomy
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KH-075 · Research neededSexual harassment in workplaces, schools and public spaces
Gender, family power and bodily autonomy
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KH-076 · Research neededChild, early and forced marriage
Gender, family power and bodily autonomy
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KH-077 · Research neededBarriers to reproductive autonomy and modern contraception
Gender, family power and bodily autonomy
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KH-078 · Research neededWomen’s unequal access to property, capital and productive assets
Gender, family power and bodily autonomy
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KH-079 · Research neededMale-dominated household and community decision-making
Gender, family power and bodily autonomy
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KH-080 · Research neededDisproportionate climate and disaster burdens placed on women
Gender, family power and bodily autonomy
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KH-081 · Research neededIndigenous peoples’ right to self-determination and meaningful consultation
Ethnicity, language, citizenship, disability and social identity
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KH-082 · Research neededLoss of Indigenous languages, cultural institutions and customary practices
Ethnicity, language, citizenship, disability and social identity
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KH-083 · Research neededReligious-minority inclusion, including Cham Muslim communities
Ethnicity, language, citizenship, disability and social identity
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KH-084 · Research neededCitizenship and documentation insecurity affecting ethnic Vietnamese residents
Ethnicity, language, citizenship, disability and social identity
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KH-085 · Research neededUnequal birth registration and access to civil-identification documents
Ethnicity, language, citizenship, disability and social identity
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KH-086 · Research neededPhysical, communication and institutional barriers facing people with disabilities
Ethnicity, language, citizenship, disability and social identity
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KH-087 · Research neededLGBTQ discrimination and absence of comprehensive legal protection
Ethnicity, language, citizenship, disability and social identity
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KH-088 · Research neededExclusion and exploitation of street-connected and unaccompanied children
Ethnicity, language, citizenship, disability and social identity
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KH-089 · Research neededIncome security, health care and long-term-care gaps for older people
Ethnicity, language, citizenship, disability and social identity
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KH-090 · Research neededAdministrative invisibility of migrants, mobile populations and urban poor communities
Ethnicity, language, citizenship, disability and social identity
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KH-091 · Research neededUnequal exposure to floods, droughts, heat and extreme weather
Climate, infrastructure, illicit economies and evidence governance
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KH-092 · Research neededInsufficient disaster preparedness, insurance and recovery financing
Climate, infrastructure, illicit economies and evidence governance
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KH-093 · Research neededUrban flooding, weak drainage and unequal municipal infrastructure
Climate, infrastructure, illicit economies and evidence governance
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KH-094 · Research neededWater pollution, waste disposal and industrial environmental hazards
Climate, infrastructure, illicit economies and evidence governance
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KH-095 · Research neededDeforestation, biodiversity loss and ecosystem-service inequality
Climate, infrastructure, illicit economies and evidence governance
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KH-096 · Research neededUnequal access to reliable, affordable and clean household energy
Climate, infrastructure, illicit economies and evidence governance
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KH-097 · Research neededTransport isolation, road-safety risks and unequal regional connectivity
Climate, infrastructure, illicit economies and evidence governance
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KH-098 · Research neededTrafficking, scam compounds, forced criminality and weak special-zone oversight
Climate, infrastructure, illicit economies and evidence governance
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KH-099 · Research neededMissing or inadequate data disaggregated by sex, disability, ethnicity and geography
Climate, infrastructure, illicit economies and evidence governance
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KH-100 · Research neededPersistent gaps between laws, announced policies, budgets, implementation and remedy
Climate, infrastructure, illicit economies and evidence governance
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