Labor Coercion And Occupational Closure

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Country expressions 36

• Agricultural wage discrimination, labor coercion and retaliatory exclusionCountry expression
• Appropriation or devaluation of Dalit-Bahujan-Adivasi cultures and laborCountry expression
• Bonded, attached and debt-linked laborCountry expression
• Caste bias in gig work, ratings, customer decisions and platform allocationCountry expression
• Caste concentration in sanitation, waste work, leather work and carcass disposalCountry expression
• Constraints on trade-union activity and collective bargainingCountry expression
• Domestic work and racialized, gendered care laborCountry expression
• Education loss caused by work, migration, caregiving or early marriageCountry expression
• Employment Equity, B-BBEE and disputes over the distribution of transformation benefitsCountry expression
• Exclusion of Black workers from recognized trade unionsCountry expression
• Exclusion of domestic and care workers from equal labour protectionsCountry expression
• Farm labor exploitation, tenancy and farm evictionsCountry expression
• Gender wage inequalityCountry expression
• Hereditary occupational assignment and occupational closureCountry expression
• Hiring discrimination and formal-sector occupational segregationCountry expression
• Low wages and insecure employment in garment and footwear productionCountry expression
• Manual scavengingCountry expression
• Migrant labor hostels and single-sex accommodationCountry expression
• Migrant labor, family separation and disrupted caregivingCountry expression
• Mining compounds and controlled cheap laborCountry expression
• Pervasive informal employmentCountry expression
• Precarious construction and casual day labourCountry expression
• Promotion ceilings, wealth inheritance and intergenerational economic mobilityCountry expression
• Racial wage gaps and occupational segregationCountry expression
• Recruitment fees, irregular migration and migrant-worker exploitationCountry expression
• Sewer and septic-tank deaths and hazardous sanitation workCountry expression
• Slavery, indenture and coerced labor at the CapeCountry expression
• Spatial mismatch between housing and employmentCountry expression
• Structural unemployment and discouraged work-seekersCountry expression
• The color bar and racial job reservationCountry expression
• The digital divide, skills mismatch and future-of-work exclusionCountry expression
• Unpaid or underpaid customary caste-service obligationsCountry expression
• Violence arising from land claims, wage demands, political participation or social assertionCountry expression
• Weak inspection and enforcement of labour standardsCountry expression
• Women’s disproportionate unpaid domestic and caregiving workCountry expression
• Youth unemployment, labor-market exclusion and NEET statusCountry expression