Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes
564 U.S. 338 · U.S. Supreme Court
Holding and boundaries
Rejected class certification because the proposed class lacked the required common question capable of classwide resolution.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
14 issue placements
Women in Agriculture & Food Systems
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Agriculture & Food Systems. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Women in Education & Academia
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Education & Academia. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Women in Finance & Professional Services
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Finance & Professional Services. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Women in Healthcare & Care Work
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Healthcare & Care Work. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Women in Hospitality, Retail & Service Work
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Hospitality, Retail & Service Work. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Women in Indo-Tibetan & Himalayan Communities
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Indo-Tibetan & Himalayan Communities. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Women in Law, Courts & Public Safety
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Law, Courts & Public Safety. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Women in Manufacturing & Industrial Work
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Manufacturing & Industrial Work. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Women in Media, Arts & Entertainment
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Media, Arts & Entertainment. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Women in Skilled Trades & Construction
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Skilled Trades & Construction. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Women in Technology & Engineering
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Technology & Engineering. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Women in Transportation & Logistics
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Women in Transportation & Logistics. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Workplace Leadership, Bargaining, Governance & Accountability
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Workplace Leadership, Bargaining, Governance & Accountability. Fit tier: Direct. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Workplace Racial Equity
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Workplace Racial Equity. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: The decision concerns aggregation and proof; it did not adjudicate every individual discrimination allegation.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Publication and provenance
The authority is published once; issue-specific orientation and fit remain separate placements. Analogue, contextual, and historical-adverse fits are not represented as controlling.
Published under research-publication-clearance-2026-07-21. deterministic validation and objective verification are not claimed.