Carpenter v. United States
585 U.S. 296 · U.S. Supreme Court
Holding and boundaries
Access to historical cell-site location information generally requires a warrant despite third-party possession.
Scope and limitations: Narrow decision; does not resolve real-time tracking, conventional surveillance, national security or every data type.
7 issue placements
Algorithmic Discrimination & Surveillance
Carpenter v. United States supports or supplies a protective rule relevant to Algorithmic Discrimination & Surveillance. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: Narrow decision; does not resolve real-time tracking, conventional surveillance, national security or every data type.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Algorithmic Public Systems
Carpenter v. United States supports or supplies a protective rule relevant to Algorithmic Public Systems. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: Narrow decision; does not resolve real-time tracking, conventional surveillance, national security or every data type.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Data, AI, Mobility & Gender-Responsive Services
Carpenter v. United States supports or supplies a protective rule relevant to Data, AI, Mobility & Gender-Responsive Services. Fit tier: Contextual. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: Narrow decision; does not resolve real-time tracking, conventional surveillance, national security or every data type.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Data & AI Stewardship
Carpenter v. United States supports or supplies a protective rule relevant to Data & AI Stewardship. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: Narrow decision; does not resolve real-time tracking, conventional surveillance, national security or every data type.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Frontier-AI Safety, Evaluation & Model Accountability
Carpenter v. United States supports or supplies a protective rule relevant to Frontier-AI Safety, Evaluation & Model Accountability. Fit tier: Contextual. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: Narrow decision; does not resolve real-time tracking, conventional surveillance, national security or every data type.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Transnational Pressure & Digital Safety in Indo-Tibetan Communities
Carpenter v. United States supports or supplies a protective rule relevant to Transnational Pressure & Digital Safety in Indo-Tibetan Communities. Fit tier: Strong analogue. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: Narrow decision; does not resolve real-time tracking, conventional surveillance, national security or every data type.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Privacy & Surveillance
Carpenter v. United States supports or supplies a protective rule relevant to Privacy & Surveillance. Fit tier: Direct. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.
Scope and limitations: Narrow decision; does not resolve real-time tracking, conventional surveillance, national security or every data type.
Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required
Publication and provenance
The authority is published once; issue-specific orientation and fit remain separate placements. Analogue, contextual, and historical-adverse fits are not represented as controlling.
Published under research-publication-clearance-2026-07-21. deterministic validation and objective verification are not claimed.