New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen

597 U.S. 1 · U.S. Supreme Court

Holding and boundaries

Invalidated New York's proper-cause requirement for public carry and articulated a history-and-tradition test.

Scope and limitations: Objective licensing and other regulations may remain valid; subsequent cases refine the methodology.

Open authoritative source

1 issue placement

Gun Violence, Firearm Injury & Prevention

New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen rejects, narrows, limits, or supplies adverse authority relevant to Gun Violence, Firearm Injury & Prevention. Fit tier: Direct. The placement must be used only within the holding and limitations recorded here.

Scope and limitations: Objective licensing and other regulations may remain valid; subsequent cases refine the methodology.

Verification-state description: authoritative_text_identified; pinpoint_and_currentness_review_required

Publication and provenance

The authority is published once; issue-specific orientation and fit remain separate placements. Analogue, contextual, and historical-adverse fits are not represented as controlling.

Published under research-publication-clearance-2026-07-21. deterministic validation and objective verification are not claimed.